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Mono- and multicrystalline solar cells have been stressed by potential-induced degradation (PID). Cell pieces with PID-shunts are imaged by SEM using the EBIC technique in plan view as well as after FIB cross-section preparation. A linear shaped signature is found in plan-view EBIC images at every potential-induced shunt position on both mono- and multicrystalline solar cells. Cross-sectional SEM and TEM images reveal stacking faults in a {111} plane. Combined TEM/EDX measurements show that the stacking faults are strongly decorated with sodium. Thus, the electric conductivity of stacking faults is assumed to arise under the influence of sodium ion movement through a high electric field across the SiNx anti-reflective layer, resulting in PID

Carbon nanostructures of different kinds have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. By modifying the deposition temperature, the catalyst material, and the hydrocarbon, nanofibers with herringbone structure, multi-walled nanotubes with tubular structure, and single-walled nanotubes were deposited. The nanostructures were purified with different treatment methods. The carbon nanostructures were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The hydrogen storage capability was investigated for all obtained nanostructures. The measurements show that the storage capacity of hydrogen is very limited in all the carbon nanostructures.