FRENCH v.2 is a reliable and validated triage tool to predict the complexity/severity of a patient in our emergency department.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and protein calorie malnutrition is high in cirrhotic patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation. There were more infectious complications and/or deaths in a 3-month follow-up period in patients with diabetes mellitus diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test. Oral glucose tolerance test seems to be indicated as a routine practice in this population.

Background: Ultrasound (US) has been a regular practice in emergency departments for several decades. Thus,

Introduction. There is an association between HCV and insulin resistance (IR), which is currently assessed by HOMA-IR. There is evidence that HOMA-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) is more accurate, but its role in HCV patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate IR in an HCV sample and controls, in order to compare the accuracy of HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. Methods. Ninety-four HCV outpatients aged <60 years who met the criteria of nondiabetic, nonobese, noncirrhotic, and nonalcohol abusers were included and compared to 29 controls. Fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles were determined. IR was estimated by HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. Results. The groups were similar regarding sex and BMI, but the HCV patients were older. The median insulin level was higher in the HCV group (8.6 mU/mL (6.5–13.7) versus 6.5 (4.3–10.7), P = 0.004), as was median HOMA-IR (1.94 (1.51 to 3.48) versus 1.40 (1.02 to 2.36), P = 0.002) and the prevalence of IR (38.3% versus 10.3% (P = 0.009)). No differences were found in adiponectin levels (P = 0.294) and HOMA-AD (P = 0.393). Conclusion. IR is highly prevalent even in low-risk HCV outpatients. Adiponectin is not influenced by the presence of HCV. HOMA-AD does not seem to be useful in assessing IR in HCV patients.

Este trabajo fue recibido el 2 de Mayo de 2012 y aceptado para ser publicado el 28 de Octubre de 2012. seases has been the focus of several recent studies (4,14,17,18). Different methods may be used in the nutritional assessment in this patients, such as nutritional anamnesis, dietary intake analisys, subjective global assessment, anthropometry, biochemical and immunological methods, composite indexes, such as the global assessment proposed by the Royal Free Hospital, and functional tests, such as dynamometry (14,15,17). In fact, the definition of nutritional diagnosis, despite the various methods available in end-stage liver diseases is still controversial (19,20). Reduced dietary intake is frequent and one of the main causes of malnutrition in patients with liver diseases; therefore, the early detection of malnutrition is crucial to proper nutritional guidance to these patients. For this reason, studies on this area still necessary. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to quantify the dietary intake and compare different nutritional assessment methods ABSTRACT Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a prognostic factor increasing complications and mortality in chronic liver diseases. Objectives: To quantify the dietary intake and compare different methods of nutritional assessment in patients with chronic liver diseases. Ninety seven outpatients of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, with chronic hepatits (CH) and cirrhosis (CIR), were assessed from April 2009 to January 2010. The CH patients presented higher calorie and protein intake (p<0.05) than the CIR patients.

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Background Professionalism is a key trait connecting the nurse and patient, and Code of Professional Conduct, a professional legitimacy in considering nursing as a profession and an essential tool that facilitates nurse practice. This study aims to develop Nurse Professionalism Scale using the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in India and test the psychometric properties. Methods A sample of 1054 registered nurses working in various work areas at different levels and sectors of health care was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through self-report from registered nurses and multi-source feedback from their supervisors and colleagues. A total of 830 self-reported data sets, 687 supervisor and 747 colleague responses were received. Following data cleaning, complete sets of 644 self-supervisor-colleague responses were used for analysis using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS version 25 and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS 22. Results Reliability estimate for internal consistency of the 38 item scale was .910 (self report), .951 (supervisor feedback) and .952 (colleague feedback). Exploratory factor analysis using self-reports extracted five factors with 22 items at Eigen values > 1. Items with communalities ≥ .4 and factor loadings ≥ .5 were retained. Five factors explained total cumulative variance extracted at 51 percent and KMO value of .893 indicated sample adequacy. Bartlett Test of Sphericity was significant (χ2 = 3318, df = 231, p < .000). The factors are labelled with reference to the original code and higher factor loading. CFA using supervisors feedback (CMIN/DF = 2.938; GFI = .926, TLI = .927; CFI = .939 and RMSEA = .055) and colleagues feedback (CMIN/DF = 3.165; GFI = .921, TLI = .908; CFI = .923 and RMSEA = .058) yielded acceptable model fit indices confirming the psychometric properties. Conclusions The scale can be used as a tool to evaluate professionalism among nurses across different settings. Multisource feedback from stakeholders can also be considered as an effective method of gathering data on this construct.

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