Early character building is substantial considering that early childhood is the critical period for the children, including children with special needs to establish their profile and social. The aims of this research are twofold: 1. describing the habituation of behavior technique in character education, and 2. analyzing gender and social inclusion issues in early childhood education. The area of the study is chosen based on purposive sampling with the criterion of rural and urban in two kindergartens in the East Java Province, West Java Province, and Special Region of Jogjakarta. Following the qualitative approach with case study design, the total informants are 30 consisting of teachers, principals, parents, and kindergarten students. The results indicate that habituation of behavior is immersed at school and home. The process resulted in religious behavior, responsibility, discipline, independence, honesty, compassion, confidence, resilience, leadership, and introduced experience. The results infer that habituation is effective to establish good habits in children from an early age employing democratic parenting on the character education of children in school and at home.
Anak yang memiliki keterampilan sosial-emosional yang baik cenderung bisa beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dan berhasil dalam pembelajaran. Namun, kondisi pandemi COVID-19 telah membuat interaksi sosial anak menjadi sangat terbatas. Studi ini adalah kajian literatur untuk mengetahui pentingnya kematangan sosial-emosional anak usia dini dalam persiapan memasuki Sekolah Dasar dan bagaimana cara stimulasinya. Studi ini diawali dengan menetapkan beberapa kata kunci yang relevan dengan topik penelitian, menerapkan kriteria inklusi pada artikel yang akan dicari, pencarian artikel, dan diakhiri dengan penulisan kajian literatur. Pada kondisi pandemi COVID-19, stimulasi berbasis rumah menjadi hal yang penting untuk dioptimalkan. Keterlibatan orangtua dan significant others, sebagai sistem terdekat anak (mikrosistem), sangat dibutuhkan agar anak bisa mencapai perkembangan sosial-emosional sesuai tahapan usianya. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat menjadi masukan bagi orangtua untuk terlibat aktif dalam memberikan stimulasi perkembangan sosial-emosional anak. Harapannya, stimulasi berbasis rumah ini akan dilakukan oleh orangtua secara konsisten, bukan hanya dalam kondisi pandemi COVID-19.
This study examined how Javanese students perceive academic failure in their life from an indigenous psychology perspective. The perspective intends to give a contextual understanding that is rarely found. This research uses qualitative method with an open-ended questionnaire to carry out a deep understanding of respondent's own experiences. The asked question was ‘What is the influence of academic failure in your life today?’ The participants of this study are 80 undergraduate Javanese students who are studying in Yogyakarta by the time of data collection. The age range of the participants is 18-22 years old. Then, the obtained multiple responds data are analyzed using thematic content analysis. The categorized data is analyzed using cross-tabulations. The finding of this study shows that students reported academic failure as lesson-learned (41.4%), self-development (35.3%), negative emotion (7.07%), burdensome (6.06%), regretful (5.05%), and others which consisted of shy, material benefit, parents’ disappointment, got some friends (5.05%).
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