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This study aims to evaluate for the first time the effects of Cymodocea nodosa sulphated polysaccharide (CNSP) on lipase activity in vitro and in vivo to high fat diet (HFD)-rats on body weight, lipid profile and liver-kidney functions. The administration of CNSP decreases the body weight and inhibits lipase activity of obese rats in serum and intestine as compared with untreated HDF-rats. This decrease in lipase activity leads to lipid regulation shown by the decrease of total cholesterol (T-Ch), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in HFD-rats. Additionally, CNSP administration to HFD-rats induces anti-oxidant activity observed by the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and the decrease in Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and protects liver-kidney functions proven by a decrease in the levels of toxicity parameters in blood.

The present study investigated the effect of the Cystoseira crinita sulfated polysaccharide (CCSP) on key enzymes activities related to diabetes in vitro and in diabetic rats. We found that CCSP inhibited pancreatic α-amylase with IC = 39.16 μg/ml and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity with IC=58.35 μg/ml in vitro. In diabetic rats, the administration of CCSP reduced the activity of α-amylase in serum, pancreas, and intestine by 23%, 44.38%, and 45%, respectively as compared to untreated diabetic rats. Moreover, the administration of CCSP to surviving diabetic rats protects pancreas β cells from death and damage, which leads to insulin levels. The decrease in α-amylase and the increase in insulin level lead to a decrease in glucose rate by 56% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. The inhibitory action of α-amylase activity and hypoglycemic effect of CCSP were confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In addition, the administration of CCSP to surviving diabetic rats normalizes lipid profile, stimulates antioxidant capacity, and prevents liver-kidney toxicities, evidenced by decrease in serum indices of liver and kidney toxicity and confirmed by histological analysis. The overall findings presented in this study demonstrate that the administration of CCSP to diabetic rats can make it a potentially strong candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver-kidney dysfunctions.

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This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the effects of Cymodocea nodosa sulphated polysaccharide (CNSP) on the α-amylase activity, hyperglycaemia, liver-kidney functions, and pancreatic architecture of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Animals were allocated into four groups of seven rats each, the body weight and blood glucose levels were estimated periodically for 2 months of treatment by gastric gavages route. The CNSP effect was confirmed by biochemical procedures and histological study. The inhibition of α-amylase activity and protection of pancreatic β-cells induced a decrease in the blood glucose levels and regulated the lipid profile in the plasma of the treated diabetic rats, which helped to maintain the homeostasis of blood lipid. Moreover, CNSP administration induced a significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation in the pancreas, liver and kidney of diabetic rats and protects their functions attested by a decrease in the levels of toxicity parameters in blood.

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The present study investigates the protective effects of sulfated polysaccharide isolated from Hypnea spinella alga (HSSP) on alloxan-induced stress oxidant, hepatic dysfunction and histological changes in male rats liver, pancreas and kidney. The chemical characterization of HSSP using various assays such as FIR, XRD and GC-MS spectroscopy. Our results showed that HSSP reduced the activity of α-amylase in serum, pancreas and intestine, as well as a reduction of blood glucose level. In addition, HSSP enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced lipid peroxidation in the hepatic, pancreatic and renal antioxidant enzymes and improved the liver-kidney dysfunction parameters by decreasing of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, albumin and urea rates in plasma. Moreover, HSSP treatment in diabetic rats protects against alloxan induced pancreatic β-cells and hepatic cells damages.