ABSTRACT.-Togni M., Panziera W., Souza T.M., Oliveira Filho J.C., Mazzanti A., Barros C.S. In the last 20 years, an unknown neurological disease affected cat populations in the Western Border Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The onset of the disease was characterized by tail paralysis, followed by progressive paraparesis in the pelvic limbs, difficulty in ambulation and proprioceptive ataxia. After long prolonged clinical courses (12-24 months), when then affected cats became severely paraparetic and start to develop pressure sores do to decubitus, they were destroyed by the owners. At necropsy there were variable degrees of skeletal muscle atrophy of the pelvic muscles and some degree of reddening of the meninges at the level of T10-L7, due to the presence of a myriad of small blood vessels, as a typical varicose lesion that resembled a vascular hamartoma. Histologically, such lesions consisted of distension of the subarachnoid space due to a collection of dilated, blood-filled, tortuous blood vessels the lumina of which were occasionally partially or completely occluded by thrombi. Those varices were randomly surrounded by a lymphocytic or granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with small foci of mature eosinophils. In the lumina of these varicose venules cross and longitudinal sections of nematode parasites could be observed. Based on the morphology of these parasites, in their anatomical localization (meningeal blood vessels) and in the species (cat) affected the nematode was identified as Gurltia paralysans. This paper describes detailed aspects of the epidemiology, clinical disease and pathology of this intriguing feline myelopathy and the definitive diagnosis of the condition: Feline crural parasitic paraplegia, a disease first described in Chile in the 1930's and now, for the first time, in Brazil. RESUMO.-Nos últimos 20 anos, uma doença neurológica desconhecida acometeu populações de gatos da Região da Campanha do RS e tornou-se um desafio diagnóstico para os veterinários locais. Os gatos afetados desenvolviam inicialmente paralisia da cauda, seguida de paraparesia progressiva nos membros pélvicos, alteração da marcha, posição plantígrada e ataxia proprioceptiva. Após longos períodos de evolução clínica (12-24 meses), quando se tornavam marcadamente paraparéticos e começavam a apresentar escaras de decúbito, eram sacrificados pelos proprietários. Na necropsia, demonstravam graus variados de atrofia dos músculos pélvicos e algum grau de avermelhamento das meninges entre T10 e L7, devido à presença de miríades
Para realizar a biometria ultra-sonográfica em tempo real, foram utilizados 60 globos oculares de 30 cães oftalmologicamente sadios, com o objetivo de se obter medidas das distâncias no interior do globo ocular. Essas foram tomadas de imagens de cortes sagitais obtidas com os animais posicionados em decúbito esternal, contidos manualmente, e com a aplicação de colírio anestésico. Empregou-se transdutor setorial mecânico de 7,5 MHz sem almofada de recuo. As médias das medidas obtidas foram; para D1- distância entre a córnea e a cápsula anterior da lente 3,9 ± 0,7mm, D2- espessura da lente 6,1 ± 1,2mm, D3 diâmetro da lente 10.5 ± 1,0mm, D4- profundidade da câmara vítrea 9,1 ± 0,4mm e D5 distância córnea/retina 18,8 ± 0,9mm. Foi observada diferença significativa entre os olhos direito e esquerdo somente em D1.
RESUMO Visando a minimizar o período de tratamento cicatricial em diversos tecidos, buscam-se alternativas à terapia
643Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(8):643-652, agosto 2009 RESUMO.-Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação anátomo-patológica detalhada das lesões e sua distribuição no sistema nervoso central (SNC) de cães com cinomose. Foram avaliadas secções padronizadas do encéfalo e da medula espinhal de 70 cães. Os casos foram agrupados de acordo com a idade dos cães e classificados conforme a evolução das lesões. Os resultados permitem concluir que: (1) encefalomielite induzida pelo vírus da cinomose canina é mais prevalente em filhotes e adultos; (2) lesões macroscópicas no SNC ocorrem com baixa freqüência; (3) o encéfalo é mais acometido do que a medula espinhal; (4) as cinco regiões anatômicas mais afetadas do encéfalo são, em ordem decrescente de freqüência, o cerebelo, o diencéfalo, o lobo frontal, a ponte e o mesencéfalo; (5) a região anatômica mais afetada da medula espinhal é o segmento cervical cranial (C1-C5); (6) lesões subagudas e crônicas são mais comuns do que lesões agudas; (7) desmielinização é a lesão mais prevalente e ocorre principalmente no cerebelo, na ponte e no diencéfalo, quase sempre acompanhada de astrogliose e inflamação não-supurativa; (8) The current study was performed to determine the pathology and distribution of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) of 70 dogs naturally affected by canine distemper. Cases were grouped according to the age of the dogs and classified according to the evolution of the lesions. It was possibly to conclude that: (1) the encephalomyelitis induced by canine distemper virus is more prevalent in puppies and adults; (2) gross lesions in the CNS occur infrequently; (3) the brain is more frequently affected than the spinal cord; (4) the five anatomical sites of the rain more frequently affected are, in decreasing order of frequency, cerebellum, diencephalon, frontal lobe of telencephalon, pons and mesencephalon; (5) the anatomical site more frequently affected in the spinal cord is the cervical (C1-C5) segment; (6) subacute and chronic lesions are more common than acute ones; (7) demyelization is the more prevalent lesion and occur mainly in the cerebellum, pons and diencephalons, usually associated with astrogliosis and nonsuppurative inflammation; (8) in most cases with astrogliosis, gemistocytic astrocytes are observed, frequently with syncitia formation; (9) non-suppurative leptomeningitis, malacia and cortical neuronal necrosis are moderately frequent in the brain and less so in the spinal cord; (10) inclusion bodies are frequent in the brain; occur mainly in astrocytes and less frequently in neurons, however independently of the affected cell they occur mainly in the nucleus; (11) a classification of canine distemper encephalitis based in age-related clinical syndromes it is not accurate.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of dogs, neuropathology, canine distemper.
This retrospective study was aimed to identify dogs with neoplasms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and compile information on the affected breeds, sex, age group, anatomical site of the tumor, type of clinical signs and clinical course, and laboratory results. The study included the cases submitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil, from January 2003 to June 2011. The 26 neoplasms affecting the CNS included in this study occurred mainly in Boxers (35%) and the predominantly affected age-group was 5-year-old or older (92.3%). The course of clinical signs in dogs with brain neoplasms was 7-115 days and that of spinal cord tumors was 7-420 days. The most frequently observed neurological signs in dogs with brain and spinal cord neoplasms were respectively changes in the conscience levels (58%), which were characterized by somnolence, and spinal hyperesthesia (57%). The cortico-thalamic region and the T3-L3 spinal cord segment were the most frequently anatomical sites involved (58% and 43%, respectively). Ten out 12 neoplasms affecting the brain were primary (83.3%) whereas only four of those 14 neoplasms affecting the spinal cord were primary (28.6%). Meningioma was the most frequent m primary neoplasms affecting the brain and spinal cord of dogs, consisting respectively of 40% e 75% of the cases.
O herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 (BoHV-5) é um agente importante de meningoencefalite em bovinos. Após replicação na mucosa nasal, acredita-se que o vírus invada o cérebro principalmente pela via olfatória. Para investigar a importância dessa via na patogenia da infecção neurológica em um modelo animal, coelhos recém-desmamados (30 dias) foram submetidos à ablação cirúrgica dos bulbos olfatórios (BOs) e posteriormente inoculados pela via intranasal (IN) ou no saco conjuntival (IC) com uma cepa altamente neurovirulenta do BoHV-5 (SV-507). Após inoculação IN, 10/10 coelhos no Grupo Controle (com BOs) desenvolveram enfermidade neurológica, com início dos sinais clínicos entre os dias 5 e 10 pós-inoculação (pi) (média de 7,5 dias); em contraste, no grupo submetido à ablação dos BOs (n=11), apenas um animal (9,1%) desenvolveu doença neurológica (início no dia 17pi). Administração de dexametasona aos animais sobreviventes (n=10) no dia 50 pi resultou em excreção viral em secreções nasais e/ou oculares por oito destes, demonstrando que o vírus foi capaz de atingir o gânglio trigêmeo (TG) durante a infecção aguda. Esses resultados demonstram que a rota olfatória representa a via principal, mas não única, de acesso ao cérebro de coelhos após inoculação IN. Para investigar o papel de uma segunda possível via de acesso, grupos de coelhos controle (n=12) ou submetidos à ablação dos BOs (n=12) foram inoculados no saco conjuntival (IC), após o qual o vírus poderia utilizar o ramo oftálmico do nervo trigêmeo para invadir o cérebro. Dez coelhos controle (83,3 %) desenvolveram doença neurológica após inoculação IC, com início dos sinais entre os dias 11 e 20 (média 15,3 dias). A ablação prévia dos BOs não afetou a freqüência ou o curso da doença neurológica nesse grupo: 10/12 coelhos (83,3 %) sem os BOs desenvolveram a doença neurológica, com os sinais iniciando entre os dias 9 e 15pi (média 12,7 dias). Esses resultados demonstram que tanto a via olfatória como a trigeminal podem servir de acesso para o BoHV-5 invadir o cérebro de coelhos inoculados experimentalmente, dependendo da via de inoculação. Inoculação IN resulta em um transporte rápido e eficiente pela via olfatória; com a via trigeminal servindo de acesso mais lento e menos eficiente. Inoculação IC resulta em transporte e invasão eficientes, porém mais tardios, provavelmente pela via trigeminal.
Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of various toxic substances that are capable of initiating oxidative damage and promoting blood platelet alterations. In this study, we investigated the activities of the ectoenzymes NTPDase (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, CD39) and 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in platelets as well as adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the plasma of rats exposed to aged and diluted sidestream smoke during 4 weeks. The rats were divided into two groups: I (control) and II (exposed to smoke). After the exposure period, blood was collected and the platelets and plasma were separated for enzymatic assay. The results demonstrated that NTPDase (with ATP as substrate) and 5'-nucleotidase (AMP as substrate) activities were significantly higher in group II (p < 0.05) as compared to group I, while no significant difference was observed for NTPDase with ADP as substrate. The ADA activity was significantly reduced in group II (p < 0.05) as compared with group I. Platelet aggregation was significantly increased in group II (p < 0.05) as compared with group I. We suggest that these alterations in the activity of enzymes from the purinergic system are associated with an increase in platelet aggregation. However, our study has demonstrated that the organism tries to compensate for this enhanced aggregation by increasing hydrolysis of AMP and reducing hydrolysis of adenosine, a potent inhibitor of aggregation and an important modulator of vascular tone.
RESUMO Em busca de um método alternativo para reparação de lesões articulares envolvendo o segmento tenopatelar, 24 cães foram submetidos ao implante tenopatelar conservado em solução de glicerina a 98% e distribuídos em dois grupos de igual número (grupos I e II ABSTRACT The aim of the present research was to develop an alternative method of treatment for tenopatellar lesions. The tenopatellar implant, preserved in glycerin 98%, was applied in 24 dogs, associated (group I -twelve dogs) or not (group II -twelve dogs) to laser therapy with gallium arsenide during the first ten post-operative days. The animals in each group
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