O desenvolvimento do Programa de Governo Eletrônico brasileiro foi iniciado em 2000, durante a gestão do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, e atravessa hoje a terceira gestão de dois diferentes governos. Embora a perspectiva tecnológica tenha alta relevância na análise histórica desse programa, este artigo propõe uma abordagem metodológica para a análise do Programa de Governo Eletrônico apoiada em um modelo de referência que incorpora as suas diversas etapas de desenvolvimento, seus atores, suas relações e fatores intervenientes. A validação do modelo foi feita por meio de levantamento empírico, em que foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave do processo.
The use of information and communication technology (ICT), particularly that related to the consolidation of the internet as a social and business networking medium, has impelled governments towards enabling e-government (e-gov) programs to transform the future of the delivery of public services. E-gov has a clear economic, social, and political impact that should be monitored in order to steer the design of effective public policies. In this article, we argue that evaluating the impact of e-gov entails a complex process of e-gov performance assessment that should take into account the perspective of citizens. Supported by a framework that combines two theoretical views, namely the structurationist view of technology and the social shaping of technology, we propose a model that consolidates nine performance dimensions. This model is the result of empirical work based on an in-depth analysis of interviews with relevant social groups regarding their perceptions of the technological artefacts of e-gov.
Initiatives of reform and modernisation of the public sector in Brazil have intensified, not only as a consequence of the fiscal crisis that occurred during the 1980s, but also as a result of the exhaustion and collapse of bureaucratic management and government interventionist models. The development of the Brazilian e-gov program officially started in 2000 and today is in its third phase after two different government administrations. It plays an important role in the modernisation of the public sector in the country and faces the challenge of giving proper support to public policies to universalise opportunities that promote economic and social development. The currently available literature analysing the history of the Brazilian e-gov program focuses too narrowly on the identification of relevant technological aspects affecting its designing and development, failing to use a theoretical framework that takes into consideration social actors and other intervening factors. This chapter presents and employs an approach that takes into consideration the relevant social groups involved in each phase of the construction process of e-gov programs, the intervening factors impacting this construction, and the strength of the relationships among them. Based on qualitative empirical research, this chapter discusses the validity of the proposed framework for studying the history of e-gov in Brazil. As a result of an in-depth documental analysis and interviews with key actors throughout the different administration tenures, this chapter identifies important intervening factors that guided successful and unsuccessful government initiatives in the e-gov program.
The aim of the present paper is to discuss the relevance of an index that is capable of measuring the digital divide among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and to discuss its importance in the context of public policy design. It is contended that the digital divide mainly affects microenterprises and SMEs, and that this phenomenon is related to the low productivity and high mortality rates of these organisations. The methodology for creating the index is replicated here in order to discuss the quality criteria necessary for this index within the scope of its utility for public managers.
Esta obra é o quarto volume da coleção Jornalismo em Gêneros que tem como tema o Jornalismo Especializado. A proposta é que o leitor compreenda a especialização no jornalismo sem considerá-la um dilema. Ou seja, durante a graduação é possível pensar em atividades, pesquisas e disciplinas que ofereçam aos alunos condições de conhecerem as principais especializações de modo que, ao final, eles possam navegar por elas e, se quiserem, cursarem pós-graduações. Este livro pretende ser uma dessas atividades. O que o leitor irá encontrar nas próximas páginas é prática da textos informativos e da edição de entrevistas sobre a presença de quatro jornalistas especializados em coletivas de imprensa. É a prática do texto interpretativo na construção de quatro perfis diferentes. É a prática da construção do gênero opinativo mais brasileiro, a crônica, a partir de fatos do jornalismo.
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