Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...
Background: The use of electric scooters has increased considerably as they are an accessible means of transportation. The number of injuries from falls and collisions has risen significantly. Therefore, the aim of the study was to describe demographics injury patterns of electric scooter accidents produced over one year. Methods: A prospective observational study of electric scooter- related injuries presented in the emergency room from May 2019 until May 2020. The inclusion criteria was based on the direct cause of injury produced while an electric scooter was in use. Demographic data, the use of a helmet or the lack thereof, accident mechanism, injury time, type of injury produced, and the treatment applied were collected. Results: Over the study period, 397 patients were identified with a total of 422 injuries. The mean age was 30.8 years, with 12.6% of patients being minors. The patients mainly presented in evening hours and in summertime at the emergency department. Of the total injuries seen, 46.9% were fractures. Some 25% of the total cases required surgery. Only 19% of the riders wore a helmet at the time of the accident. Most of the fractures were to the upper limbs (62.6%). There was a greater incidence of radius fractures. Conclusion: Injuries incurred while using electric scooters are an emerging phenomenon, despite existing regulations. In this study, most injuries occurred in young men and were due to falls from the vehicle. Nearly half of those injuries were fractures to the upper limbs. Surprisingly, 50% of the fractures required surgery.
Purpose Since the state of alarm was decreed in Spain on 14 March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an extraordinary impact in paediatric hospitals. This study shows the effect of the pandemic on our practice in paediatric orthopaedics in a referral third level paediatric hospital. Methods We performed a single-centre retrospective review of the official census from a third level paediatric hospital from 14 March to 14 April for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. Results The patients seen in our clinic during this period in 2020 decreased in by 82% (p < 0.001) compared with 2018 and 2019, however, the number of telemedicine consultations increased by 90.21% (p < 0.001). The total number of patients attending the clinic (including onsite and virtual) was reduced by 54.25% (p < 0.001). The total surgeries performed plummeted by 81% in this period in 2020 (p < 0.001) due to a reduction in elective cases of 94.6% (p < 0.001). No significant decrease was found in the number of urgent surgical cases per day in 2020 (p = 0.34). Finally, the number of orthopaedic patients admitted to our emergency department dropped by 78.6% during the state of alarm (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to our results, the pandemic has significantly affected our daily practice by decreasing elective surgeries and onsite clinics, but other activities have increased. As we have implemented telemedicine and new technologies to adapt to this setback, we should take advantage of the situation to change our practice in the future to better allocate our health resources and to anticipate outbreaks. Published without peer review. Level of Evidence IV
Introdução: O Letramento Funcional em Saúde (LFS) está associado à capacidade dos pacientes em compreender e utilizar seus conhecimentos em saúde no âmbito do autocuidado e na promoção a saúde. Por isso, torna-se essencial reconhecer o nível de LFS e identificar os fatores que o influenciam. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de letramento funcional em saúde (LFS) de usuários de Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) na área urbana de Altamira (PA). Métodos: Estudo transversal no qual a coleta de dados ocorreu entre agosto de 2018 e dezembro de 2019 em 12 USF da área urbana. O cálculo amostral foi realizado com base na população urbana de Altamira registrada pelo Censo de 2010. Utilizou-se intervalo de confiança de 95% com margem de erro de 5% e prevalência de achados de 50% em uma população semelhante, encontrando-se assim o valor de 382. Os participantes foram entrevistados a fim de se coletarem informações sobre dados sociodemográficos, e posteriormente foi aplicado um questionário baseado na versão brasileira do Short Test of Functional Health Literacy (S-TOFHLA), instrumento utilizado para a mensuração do LFS. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, o teste qui-quadrado, o teste G e a odds ratio foram utilizados para verificar a relação entre a pontuação do S-TOFHLA e os dados sociodemográficos. Além disso, uma análise de regressão múltipla foi realizada para predizer os fatores que interferem no LFS. Por fim, o teste ANOVA buscou diferenças entre os níveis de LFS dos usuários nas USF analisadas. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 400 participantes, dos quais 59% apresentaram LFS adequado, 16,5% limítrofe e 24,5% inadequado. As variáveis, grau de escolaridade, idade e renda foram associadas ao LFS na população estudada, predizendo, respectivamente, em 46, 26 e 17% o desempenho no teste S-TOFHLA. Baixa escolaridade e baixa renda aumentam o risco de indivíduos possuírem LFS insatisfatório em cinco e quatro vezes, nessa ordem. Por fim, foram encontradas diferenças entre os níveis de LFS dos usuários das USF analisadas. Conclusões: A população da área urbana de Altamira apresentou alta prevalência de LFS insatisfatório. Sendo assim, no intuito de aumentar os resultados satisfatórios em saúde, os profissionais da região devem adequar as suas formas de comunicação e linguagem às necessidades dos usuários das USF, observando que a adequação da equipe pode trazer melhorias para o entendimento das informações e oportunizar melhores condições de recuperação e autocuidado em saúde.
The study is intended to illustrate that the nursing phenomenon, Violence, exists as a phenomenon of the aggregate and should thus be classified, under the higher level phenomenon, Community, in the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), published by the International Council of Nurses. This proposition was confirmed during a meeting of an international team of psychiatric nurses to plan reality-based postgraduate modules for the nine countries they represented. Substantiating data, based on the team's module, Violence, clinical investigation and a review of the literature, evolved from a classroom project in north-east Brazil. The Master's Degree nursing students conducted observations and interviews based on identified factors of the phenomenon on children in two municipal day-care centres in targeted neighbourhoods in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Data were gleaned from observations and verbalizations regarding their individual drawings depicting sadness and happiness, from school records and observations of these children by their teachers. The data, evolving from the time-limited classroom project, are too sparse to be considered valid, but pave the road for further studies. Professional and lay-literature substantiates the occurrence of violence in the Brazilian society.
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