This research was aimed to study the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures application in lower salt concentration fermentation on sauerkraut quality. Fresh cut cabbage was fermented with different starter cultures (L. plantarum, L. mesenteroides or the combination) at different lower salt concentration (0.5% or 1%) at 28oC for 5 days. The obtained sauerkrauts were subjected to evaluation of the quality i.e. total lactic acid bacteria, pH, total acidity, total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity analysis. The sulforaphane content analysis was performed by using LC-MS. The starter cultures increased total lactic acid bacteria, total acidity and decreased pH. L. mesenteroides resulted in the highest total phenolic content and the lowest IC50 value. Sauerkraut with the addition of L. mesenteroides contains sulforaphane higher 848.65 ng/g than that of control 776.47 ng/g. The results analysis of LC-MS also detected another compound, namely 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, an antimicrobial compound. The sauerkraut is potential in functional food development with antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities.

This study investigated the pooled impacts of sauerkraut and Leuconoctoc mesenteroides culture on immunomodulatory activity in experimental animal. The in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Escherichia coli infected-Balb-C mice was ascertained in fermented sauerkrauts [test vs. control]. Both sauerkrauts enhanced the adaptive immune-response [evidenced by an increase in CD4 + CD8 + IFN-γ, TNFα] and innate immune response [represented by a decrease of CD68-IL-6]. Nevertheless, the in vivo 2 immunomodulatory activity of sauerkraut combined with Leconoctoc mesenteroides was higher than that showed in sauerkraut control solely.

Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) sebagai salah satu komoditas tanaman hias yang termasuk tanaman epifit dan cukup popular di Indonesia. Tanaman anggrek ini memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi dan diminati konsumen cukup banyak. Produksi tanaman anggrek menunjukkan peningkatan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 20.045.577 tangkai, sedangkan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 24.717.840 tangkai (BPS, 2019). Permintaan yang terus meningkat harus diikuti dengan persediaan bibit dalam jumlah yang besar dan mutu yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh media tumbuh dan jenis pupuk daun yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek (Dendrobium sp.). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktorial yang menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (RPT) dengan menggunakan 2 faktorr yaitu faktor pertama sebagai petak utama adalah perlakuan pupuk daun Mamigro (P1), Super Bionik (P2), Grow Quick LB (P3) dan pada faktor kedua sebagai anak petak adalah perlakuan media tanam arang kayu (M1), moss hitam (M2), serabut kelapa (M3), arang sekam (M4). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat interaksi antara penggunaan pupuk daun dengan media tanam terhadap panjang tanaman sebesar 8,30 cm, panjang daun sebesar 5,27 cm, jumlah daun 5,00 helai dan lebar daun sebesar 0,48 cm. Penggunaan pupuk daun Grow Quick LB dengan media tanam arang sekam menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik pada pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek.

Background: Spontaneous fermentations have several disadvantages, and additions of lactic acid bacteria can improve sauerkraut fermentations and quality. Salt and sugar concentrations are important factors in sauerkraut fermentations, and the growth and activity of lactic acid bacteria can affect antioxidant activity of sauerkrauts. Objective: This study developed sauerkrauts with the addition of Lactobacillus casei and investigated how salt and sugar concentrations affected their fermentation and antioxidant activity. Methods: A fresh cabbage was washed and cut, before salt (1.0%; 1.5% and 2.0%) and sugar (0% and 2.0%) were added, prior to inoculation with a L.casei culture at 10% (v/w). The cabbage was then incubated at 28oC for 5 days.The control being the cabbage without the culture and sugar, but with salt at 2.5%. The sauerkrauts were evaluated for total lactic acid bacteria, pH, total acidity, phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. Results: The fermentation increased the total lactic acid bacteria counts in the sauerkrauts from 1.38 x 109to 3.86 x 109 cfu/mL, and this demonstrated significant (p<0.05) direct salt and sugar effects. The high salt and sugar concentrations also increased the total acidity, antioxidant activity and phenolic content,but lowered the pH of the sauerkrauts. The additives (L.casei culture, salt and sugar), therefore, improved the sauerkraut fermentation and antioxidant activity compared to the control. Conclusion: With added sugar and salt, L. casei improved the sauerkraut fermentation and antioxidant activity, and both sugar and salt can each be added at a low (2%) concentration for maximum effects.

The purpose of this research were to determine the effect of alkaloid jellyfish compounds on kidney histopathology and to know the best doses to the Relative Percent Survival (RPS) of tiger grouper. The method of this research was descriptive and treatment with Completely randomized design. The treatment of active alkaloid compound on feed was given for 28 days. And then challenge-tested to 107 cells.ml−1 of Vibrio harveyi into the media for one day. Using alkaloids compound of Aeginura sp. on the feed with the doses of Control= 0 g alkaloid / kg feed; A = 0.5 g alkaloid / kg feed; B = 0.75 g alkaloid / kg feed; C = 1.0 g alkaloid / kg feed; Alkaloid D = 1.25 g / kg feed. The result of the scoring shows that the 4 treatment with given alkaloid dosage are able to decrease the damage level on the tissues of the fish’ kidneys. The average total damage of treatment C =1gr Alkaloid dosage is found to have the lowest value compared to another treatment with the percentage damages of 13,47% which is categorized low. Those results show better value than the infected fish without any medication with total damage of 42.27% within the medium category. The best RPS was found at a treatment of C with the value of 100%. For further study, it was suggested using a dose of 1 g alkaloid / kg feed for the best result. It was proved by an absent of the damage on kidney and the value of RPS reached 100%.

Arjosari Village, Kalipare Subdistrict, Malang Regency, experiences drought every year; this makes the villagers buy water when the dry season comes. This research aims to find out how much knowledge of the people of Arjosari Village, Kalipare District, Malang Regency in saving rainwater used as an alternative to fulfil water needs in the dry season. The research method used was a descriptive survey method with a sample of 82 people. Survey studies are "a observe that takes samples from a single population and uses questionnaires as a primary records series tool". The results showed that the community's knowledge of the concept of saving rainwater was "high".Meanwhile, for the public's knowledge of methods of saving rainwater, there were 26 people in the "Low" category, 40 people in the "Medium" category, and 16 in the "High" category. Methods that can save rainwater are the construction of rainwater infiltration wells, bio pure infiltration holes, rainwater harvesting, and appropriate vegetation selection. This education can give the benefits that increase the public knowledge and awareness to conduct groundwater conservation to anticipate the lack of clean water in this area.

Menabung air hujan adalah salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan kekurangan air dimusim kemarau. Sistem penjernih air hujan menjadi air bersih ini adalah rangkaian kegiatan gerakan menabung air hujan dan menggunakannya kembali untuk konservasi air tanah serta kebutuhan sehari-hari. Desa Arjosari mengalami kekurangan air bersih pada saat musim kemarau, maka dari itu peneliti membuat sistem penjernih air ini dengan memanfaatkan air hujan. Metode yang digunakan adalah tandon air kemudian pipa penjernih yang terdiri dari Zeolit, kerikil, Arang, ijuk dan spoons. Hasil analisa yang telah dilakukan dilaboratorium menggunakan parameter logam metode AAS (atomic absorbance spectrofotometri), parameter anion (spectrofotometer uv vis), dan parameter fisik (water quality checker dan tss meter). Didapatkan rata-rata nilai untuk pH 6,71, TSS 0, TDS 40,3, CaCO3 0, kandungan besi 0,032, Mangan 0,113. Dilihat dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, hasil yang diperoleh memenuhi persyaratan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 2. 492/Menks/PER/IV/2010. Air tersebut dapat dipergunakan sebagai syarat untuk menggunakan air bersih.

Kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia yang berperan sebagai sumber protein nabati serta gizi bagi masyarakat. Produksi tanaman kedelai di Jawa Timur setiap tahun mengalami penurunan. Pentingnya upaya peningkatan hasil produksi kedelai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi masyarakat yang meningkat di Indonesia. Keberhasilan budidaya kedelai tidak terlepas dari media tanam dan kebutuhan unsur hara N yang banyak pada tanaman kedelai. Media tanam berfungsi untuk membantu tanaman berdiri tegak dan kebutuhan unsur hara yang diserap oleh akar. Rhizobium sp. merupakan bakteri yang berkemampuan sebagai penyedia unsur hara bagi tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari komposisi media tanam dan jumlah inokulan rhizobium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai. Penelitian telah dilakukan di lahan screen house Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Juni sampai September 2021. Percobaan menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) factorial. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis ragam (uji F) dengan taraf 5%. Data yang menunjukkan perbedaan antar perlakuan akan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Terdapat interaksi antara komposisi media tanam dan jumlah inokulan rhizobium terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai, yaitu tinggi tanaman (14 hst), jumlah daun (35 dan 42 hst) dan bintil akar efektif. Pada kombinasi media dengan komposisi tanah : pupuk kandang kambing (3:1) ditambah inokulan rhizobium 9 g.kg-1 memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lain pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan jumlah bintil akar efektif. Pada budidaya tanaman kedelai, penggunaan media dengan komposisi tanah : pupuk kandang kambing (3:1) dengan menambah inokulan rhizobium 9 g.kg-1 dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan kedelai yang lebih optimal.