This research was aimed to study the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures application in lower salt concentration fermentation on sauerkraut quality. Fresh cut cabbage was fermented with different starter cultures (L. plantarum, L. mesenteroides or the combination) at different lower salt concentration (0.5% or 1%) at 28oC for 5 days. The obtained sauerkrauts were subjected to evaluation of the quality i.e. total lactic acid bacteria, pH, total acidity, total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity analysis. The sulforaphane content analysis was performed by using LC-MS. The starter cultures increased total lactic acid bacteria, total acidity and decreased pH. L. mesenteroides resulted in the highest total phenolic content and the lowest IC50 value. Sauerkraut with the addition of L. mesenteroides contains sulforaphane higher 848.65 ng/g than that of control 776.47 ng/g. The results analysis of LC-MS also detected another compound, namely 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, an antimicrobial compound. The sauerkraut is potential in functional food development with antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities.
Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) sebagai salah satu komoditas tanaman hias yang termasuk tanaman epifit dan cukup popular di Indonesia. Tanaman anggrek ini memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi dan diminati konsumen cukup banyak. Produksi tanaman anggrek menunjukkan peningkatan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 20.045.577 tangkai, sedangkan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 24.717.840 tangkai (BPS, 2019). Permintaan yang terus meningkat harus diikuti dengan persediaan bibit dalam jumlah yang besar dan mutu yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh media tumbuh dan jenis pupuk daun yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek (Dendrobium sp.). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktorial yang menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (RPT) dengan menggunakan 2 faktorr yaitu faktor pertama sebagai petak utama adalah perlakuan pupuk daun Mamigro (P1), Super Bionik (P2), Grow Quick LB (P3) dan pada faktor kedua sebagai anak petak adalah perlakuan media tanam arang kayu (M1), moss hitam (M2), serabut kelapa (M3), arang sekam (M4). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat interaksi antara penggunaan pupuk daun dengan media tanam terhadap panjang tanaman sebesar 8,30 cm, panjang daun sebesar 5,27 cm, jumlah daun 5,00 helai dan lebar daun sebesar 0,48 cm. Penggunaan pupuk daun Grow Quick LB dengan media tanam arang sekam menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik pada pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek.
Background: Spontaneous fermentations have several disadvantages, and additions of lactic acid bacteria can improve sauerkraut fermentations and quality. Salt and sugar concentrations are important factors in sauerkraut fermentations, and the growth and activity of lactic acid bacteria can affect antioxidant activity of sauerkrauts. Objective: This study developed sauerkrauts with the addition of Lactobacillus casei and investigated how salt and sugar concentrations affected their fermentation and antioxidant activity. Methods: A fresh cabbage was washed and cut, before salt (1.0%; 1.5% and 2.0%) and sugar (0% and 2.0%) were added, prior to inoculation with a L.casei culture at 10% (v/w). The cabbage was then incubated at 28oC for 5 days.The control being the cabbage without the culture and sugar, but with salt at 2.5%. The sauerkrauts were evaluated for total lactic acid bacteria, pH, total acidity, phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. Results: The fermentation increased the total lactic acid bacteria counts in the sauerkrauts from 1.38 x 109to 3.86 x 109 cfu/mL, and this demonstrated significant (p<0.05) direct salt and sugar effects. The high salt and sugar concentrations also increased the total acidity, antioxidant activity and phenolic content,but lowered the pH of the sauerkrauts. The additives (L.casei culture, salt and sugar), therefore, improved the sauerkraut fermentation and antioxidant activity compared to the control. Conclusion: With added sugar and salt, L. casei improved the sauerkraut fermentation and antioxidant activity, and both sugar and salt can each be added at a low (2%) concentration for maximum effects.
This study investigated the pooled impacts of sauerkraut and Leuconoctoc mesenteroides culture on immunomodulatory activity in experimental animal. The in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Escherichia coli infected-Balb-C mice was ascertained in fermented sauerkrauts [test vs. control]. Both sauerkrauts enhanced the adaptive immune-response [evidenced by an increase in CD4 + CD8 + IFN-γ, TNFα] and innate immune response [represented by a decrease of CD68-IL-6]. Nevertheless, the in vivo 2 immunomodulatory activity of sauerkraut combined with Leconoctoc mesenteroides was higher than that showed in sauerkraut control solely.
The purpose of this research were to determine the effect of alkaloid jellyfish compounds on kidney histopathology and to know the best doses to the Relative Percent Survival (RPS) of tiger grouper. The method of this research was descriptive and treatment with Completely randomized design. The treatment of active alkaloid compound on feed was given for 28 days. And then challenge-tested to 107 cells.ml−1 of Vibrio harveyi into the media for one day. Using alkaloids compound of Aeginura sp. on the feed with the doses of Control= 0 g alkaloid / kg feed; A = 0.5 g alkaloid / kg feed; B = 0.75 g alkaloid / kg feed; C = 1.0 g alkaloid / kg feed; Alkaloid D = 1.25 g / kg feed. The result of the scoring shows that the 4 treatment with given alkaloid dosage are able to decrease the damage level on the tissues of the fish’ kidneys. The average total damage of treatment C =1gr Alkaloid dosage is found to have the lowest value compared to another treatment with the percentage damages of 13,47% which is categorized low. Those results show better value than the infected fish without any medication with total damage of 42.27% within the medium category. The best RPS was found at a treatment of C with the value of 100%. For further study, it was suggested using a dose of 1 g alkaloid / kg feed for the best result. It was proved by an absent of the damage on kidney and the value of RPS reached 100%.
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