Burn healing includes a specific biological process related to the general phenomenon of growth and regeneration and the primary objective in burn care is the promotion of rapid wound healing with the best functional results. The principal function of a burn dressing is to provide an optimum healing milieu for natural healing and desirable burn dressing may, therefore, be characterized on the basis of its performance such as; (a) provision of adequate gaseous exchange, (b) provision and maintenance of a moist environment, (c) protection from infections and contamination, (d) absorption of wound fluids and (e) painless and easy removal. 1,2) Hydrogels are ideal biopolymeric pharmaceutical forms for the treatment of skin wounds. They have low interfacial tension, high molecular and oxygen permeability, good moisturizing and mechanical properties that resemble physiological soft tissue. 3,4) For this reasons, polysaccharides, e.g. chitosan, are having hydrogel forming properties have been considered to be advantageous in its application as a wound dressing material. 5) Chitosan, [a (1→4) 2-amino-2-deoxy-b-D-glucan], a unique polysaccharide derived from deacetylation of chitin, has been used in wound treatment owing to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability and accelerated granulation. [6][7][8] On the other hand, fucoidan is a sulphated polyfucose polysaccharide and has attracted considerable biotechnological research interest since the discovery that it possessed anti-coagulant activity similar to that of heparin and also reported to possess other properties including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral and anti-viral effects. 9,10) Many of these effects are thought to be due to its interaction with growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b). Fucoidan may, therefore, be able to modulate growth factordependent pathways in the cell biology of tissue repair. 11) Although a great number of studies on different pharmacological properties of fucoidan and chitosan are present, there is little information on the fucoidan-based system used in burn healing and its only limited with cell culture. 12) The aim of this study was to prepare fucoidan-chitosan hydrogel and to investigate its treatment efficiency on dermal burns on rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials Chitosan (MW 250 kDa, deacetylation degree Ն90%, Pronova A/S, Norway; MW 400 kDa, deacetylation degree Ն60%, Fluka, Germany; MW 750 kDa, deacetylation degree Ն75%, Sigma, U.S.A.), Fucoidan (from Fucus vesiculosus) and lactic acid (85% m/v) purchased from Sigma, U.S.A. All other reagents used were of analytical grade.Preparation of Hydrogels The composition of gel formulations was given in Table 1. Fucoidan was dissolved in 1% m/v lactic acid solution by mechanical shaking at 300 rpm for 1 h. Then chitosan was left to swell in the fucoidan solution overnight to prepare hydrogels. 13) Formulations were kept at 4°C until experiment.Viscosity Measurement The viscosity of hydrogels was determine...
The aim of this study was to develop chitosan film containing fucoidan and to investigate its suitability for the treatment of dermal burns on rabbits. Porous films, thickness between 29.7 and 269.0 μm, were obtained by the solvent dropping method. Water vapor permeability (3.3-16.6/0.1 g), the swelling (0.67-1.77 g/g), tensile strength (7.1-45.8 N), and bioadhesion (0.076-1.771 mJ/cm 2 ) of the films were determined. The thinnest films were obtained with the lowest chitosan concentration (P G .05). The water absorption capacity of the films sharply increased with the freeze-drying technique. The film having the thickness of 29.7 μm showed the highest amount of moisture permeability (16.6 g/0.1 g). Higher chitosan concentration significantly increased tensile strength of the films (P G .05). Using higher concentration of lactic acid made films more elastic and applicable, and these films were selected for in vivo studies. Seven adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used for the evaluation of the films on superficial dermal burns. Biopsy samples were taken at 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding, and each wound site was examined macroscopically and histopathologically. After 7 days treatment, fibroplasia and scar were observed on wounds treated with fucoidan-chitosan film. The best regenerated dermal papillary formation, best reepithelization, and the fastest closure of wounds were found in the fucoidan-chitosan film treatment group after 14 days compared with other treatment and control groups. It can be concluded that fucoidan-chitosan films might be a potential treatment system for dermal burns and that changing formulation variables can modulate the characterizations of the films.
1. This study was conducted using male broiler chickens to determine the effects of ascorbic acid, aspirin, ascorbic acid+aspirin, vitamin E+selenium and ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium supplementations on haematological parameters and serum superoxide dismutase concentration. 2. One hundred and twenty day-old male Hubbunt broiler chicks were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups of 20 chicks each and placed in different pens. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were given a diet supplemented with ascorbic acid, aspirin (in water), ascorbic acid+aspirin, vitamin E+selenium and ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium, respectively for 45 d while group 1 was given a commercial broiler diet. 3. There was no significant effect of ascorbic acid, aspirin, ascorbic acid+aspirin, vitamin E+selenium supplementations on any of the haematological parameters (red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin) in broilers but ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium supplementation significantly decreased the white blood cell counts. 4. In addition to this, ascorbic acid, aspirin, ascorbic acid+aspirin and ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium supplementations had no significant effect on the serum superoxide dismutase level, but vitamin E+selenium supplementation increased the serum superoxide dismutase level.
Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg bw) in all rats of five groups after being fed for 2 weeks high-fat diet. Type 2 diabetic Nerium-oleander- (NO-) administered groups received the NO distillate at a dose of 3.75, 37.5, and 375 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water (NO-0.1, NO-1, NO-10, resp.); positive control group had 0.6 mg glibenclamide/kg bw/d by gavage daily for 12 weeks. Type 2 diabetic negative control group had no treatment. NO distillate administration reduced fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, triglyceride-HDL ratio, insulin, and leptin levels. Improved beta cell function and HDL concentration were observed by NO usage. HDL percentage in total cholesterol of all NO groups was similar to healthy control. NO-10 distillate enhanced mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor- (PPAR-) α, β, and γ in adipose tissue and PPAR-α–γ in liver. The findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the considerable beneficial effect of NO distillate administration at a dose of 375 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water may offer new approaches to treatment strategies that target both fat and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes.
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