Background & Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of propolis and melatonin supplementation on inflammation, clinical outcomes, and oxidative stress markers in patients with primary pneumosepsis. Materials and Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted on 55 patients with primary pneumosepsis who were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In the three intervention groups, the patients received propolis alone (1,000 mg/day), propolis (1,000 mg/day) plus melatonin (20 mg/day), and melatonin alone (20 mg/day). The control group received placebo. The inflammatory and oxidative stress markers as well as clinical outcomes were evaluated before and after the intervention, and the 28-day survival rate was also recorded. Results: After the intervention, the combination of propolis and melatonin significantly reduced interleukin-6 (-55.282 pg/ml ) and C-reactive protein (-21.656 mg/l ) levels, while increasing gavage intake (326.680 ml/day ) and improving some clinical outcomes (APACHE II, SOFA and NUTRIC scores) compared to control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of oxidative stress and hematological indices. In addition, the 28-day survival rate had no significant difference between the groups (P=0.07). Conclusion: Supplementation with propolis and melatonin may improve clinical outcomes by reducing inflammation. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings.

The precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and is also vital for developing novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals drugs, and vaccines. Viral infections need innate and adaptive immune reactions since the various immune components, such as neutrophils, macrophages, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and B lymphocytes, play different roles in various infections. Consequently, the characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions toward SARS‐CoV‐2 is crucial for defining the pathogenicity of COVID‐19. In this study, we explain what is currently understood concerning the conventional immune reactions to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to shed light on the protective and pathogenic role of immune response in this case. Also, in particular, we investigate the in‐depth roles of other immune mediators, including neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan, in the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19.

Pomegranate peels are considered as solid agricultural residues that were used as adsorbent materials, very effective in get rid of brilliant yellow Dye from aqueous solution after converting it to Acid-Activated Carbon by phosphoric acid. The surface properties were studied through the use of (FTIR ) and (FESEM) techniques. Several factors affect the adsorption process have been studied like, effect of dye concentration (10-100 mg/L ), where the adsorption efficiency (Qe mg/g) increases with increasing dye concentration ( mg/g ) and weight effect (0.01-0.1 ), the adsorption efficiency(Qe mg/g) decreases with increasing surface weight. Desorption of the Brilliant yellow from the ACPP was studied utilizing several type of solvents (acetone 10% (v/v), methanol 10% (v/v), 0.1N HCl, 0.1 N NaOH,). The adsorption is found through the results that obeys the Friendlich isotherm because it depends on the value of (R2 ) and also the heterogeneous surfaces.

The removal of reactive blue 49 dye on a bio-sorbent material for Natural lemon peels(NLP) and Acid-activated carbon for lemon peels(AACLP) from aqueous solutions was studied. Preparation of activated carbon for lemon peels(AACLP) by Calcinations at temperature (300°C) for one hour and chemical activation by phosphoric acid. Study different parameter such as effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH solution, solution of temperature and Adsorption comparison (agricultural waste). The prepared AACLP was characterized utilizing FT-IR, FESEM technique. Equilibrium result were Isotherm utilizing Isotherm Langmuir and isotherm Freundlich. The result obey Isotherm Langmuir good correlations (R2=0.854). Thermodynamic parameter studies have shown that the reaction is spontaneous, endothermic and convenient in nature.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diagnosis malignancies with different risk factors, including environmental and genetic. Several genes, called tumor suppressor genes, play an essential role in inhibiting these risk factors by preventing tumor development. One of these genes is somatostatin (SST). Somatostatin is an antiproliferative peptide with pro-apoptotic effects that enhance cell death to prevent tumor growth. This study aimed to investigate the association relationship between DNA methylation in SST promotor and colorectal cancer progression. After DNA bisulfite conversion, SST promoter methylation was examined using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP) in 71 cases (19 metastasis CRC, 28 early-stage CRC, and 24 healthy controls). Quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP) is a real-time PCR method used to determine the unmethylated and methylated cytosine residues using a specific set of primers. The percentage of hypermethylation in SST promoter was 17%, 60%, and 79% for healthy controls, early-stage, and metastasis CRC groups. The results showed a significant association between DNA hypermethylation of SST promoter and CRC progression. P-values were 0.0364 for the early-stage group and 0.0138 for the metastasis group. The results also supported that the DNA hypermethylation block the expression of SST, which in turn induce carcinogenesis. The detection of SST promoter hypermethylation at early stage of cancer could be used as a biomarker for screening and prognosis of CRC.