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In this paper, new magnetic chitosan‐salicylaldehyde Schiff base (ChS@Fe2O3) was prepared and characterized by FT‐IR, DSC, XRD, VSM and SEM and utilized as an efficient sorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. Moreover, the effect of solution pH, Pb(II) and Cd(II) initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time on the adsorption process was examined thoroughly and optimized. Also, the adsorbent reusability and adsorption mechanism were studied. The sorption capacity of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions at optimum condition was found to be 135.8 and 114.8 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption efficiency of ChS@Fe2O3 remained above 88 and 72%, respectively for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Finally, antibacterial activities evaluation of ChS@Fe2O3 were conducted against S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria strains. The results exhibited the high activity against all bacteria strains.

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The autoimmune diseases are associated with the host immune system, chronic inflammation, and immune reaction against self-antigens, which leads to the injury and failure of several tissues. The onset of autoimmune diseases is related to unbalanced immune homeostasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells which have capability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types that exert a critical role in immunomodulation and regenerative therapy. Under the certain condition in vitro, MSCs are able to differentiate into multiple lineage such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neuron-like cells. Consequently, MSCs have a valuable application in cell treatment. Accordingly, in this review we present the last observations of researches on different MSCs and their efficiency and feasibility in the clinical treatment of several autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune liver disease, and Sjogren’s syndrome.

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