A variety of voltammetric methods have been carried out for determination of brexpiprazole (BRX) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and two different type anodic stripping methods; differential pulse (AS-DP) and square wave (AS-SWV) at modified carbon paste electrode with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-CPEs). Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique has been utilized for characterization of the different electrodes. Electrochemical oxidation behavior of BRX shows an irreversible anodic peak at 0.88 V versus Ag/AgCl, in Britton-Robinson buffer (BR) at pH 4.0, 50s preconcentration time and −0.5 deposition potential. Rectilinear relationship between the peak current versus concentration was obtained over the ranges of 1.32 × 10 −6 -6.45 × 10 −6 and 1.32 × 10 −7 -6.45 × 10 −7 mol L −1 for AS-DP and AS-SWV respectively. The lowest concentration that can be detected for both for AS-DP and AS-SWV was 3.99 × 10 −7 and 3.32 × 10 −8 mol L −1 respectively; the utilized methods have been devoted adequately for the estimation of BRX in its pure and dosage form.
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In the present study, screen-printed electrodes unmodified and chemically modified with gold nanoparticles were used as sensitive electrochemical sensors for the determination of trazodone hydrochloride. The sensors were based on the use of a tetraphenylborate ion association complex as an electroactive material in screen-printed electrodes with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as a solvent mediator modified with gold nanoparticles which improve the electrode conductivity and enhance the surface area. The sensors displayed a stable response for 5, 6 and 7 months with a reproducible potential and linear response over the concentration range 1 Â 10 , 7.6 Â 10 À6 and 6.8 Â 10 À6 mol L À1 for sensor 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The analytical performance of the screen printed electrodes in terms of selectivity coefficients for trazodone hydrochloride relative to the number of potentially interfering substances was investigated. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in its pure and dosage forms and there is no interference from any common pharmaceutical additives.
In the present work, a novel sensitive electrochemical carbon paste electrode chemically modified with yttrium doped manganese oxide Mn 2 O 3 /Y 2 O 3 nanostructures was assigned for determination of marbofloxacin (MRB) using square wave voltammetry (SWV) method. MRB has a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity for the treatment of urinary, respiratory and dermatological diseases in bovines and their retention in animal meats and milk leads to adverse side effects for the consumer. Thus a rapid estimation of minor concentrations of MRB has exerted a great concern to ensure food safety. XRD, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM techniques were employed to characterize the samples. The electrochemical oxidation behavior of MRB shows irreversible anodic peak at 1.10 V vs Ag/AgCl, in Britton-Robinson buffer (BR) at pH 5.0. The relationship was rectilinear over the range 10 × 10 −9 -1.0 × 10 −4 M between the peak current and its related concentration with a minimum detection limit of 2.4 × 10 −9 M. The developed method was green chemistry challenges and successfully applied to assay the drug in its dosage form, bovine meat and milk samples with a good recovery lies between 94.56% and 105.33% with relative standard deviation less than 10%.
A new chemically optimized screen-printed electrode modified with a cobalt-doped α-Mn2O3 nanostructure on carbon nanotube paste (α-Mn2O3:Co@CNTs) has been constructed for the recognition of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.
A sensitive voltammetric technique for the determination of avanafil (AVA) has been investigated at a carbon paste electrode modified with Zinc oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ZnO-NPs/MWCNT/CP). The study investigated the electrochemical behavior of AVA, and the morphology of the modified electrode was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns. The influence of different electrodes and the content of ZnO-NPs on the voltammetric behavior of AVA were evaluated. Square wave voltammetry was studied and a linear correlation resulted within the range of (1.3-16 μg ml −1 ) with correlation coefficient 0.999, LOD 0.342 μg ml −1 and LOQ 1.141 μg ml −1 . The proposed procedure was applied successfully for the determination of AVA with good recovery in commercial dosage form and human plasma. The technique was validated and found to be accurate and reproducible according to the ICH guidelines.
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