Ekstrak tumbuhan dapat digunakan sebagai biolarvasida untuk membunuh larva Aedes aegypti, di antaranya adalah ekstrak daun Ocimum sanctum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efek ekstrak metanol daun O. sanctum pada larva Ae. aegypti dan perubahan pada midgut-nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental. Ekstrak daun O. Sanctum dibuat dengan metode evaporasi dan dibuat pada konsentrasi 0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1%. Percobaan diulang sebanyak 4 kali pada setiap konsentrasi. Pengamatan jumlah larva mati dilakukan setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan histopatologi, terdapat kerusakan pada jaringan epitel midgut larva Ae. aegypti. Nilai LC50 ekstrak daun O. sanctum sebesar 0,66%, sedangkan nilai LC90 yang diperoleh sebesar 1,38%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa untuk membunuh larva Ae. aegypti hingga 90% dari jumlah larva, dibutuhkan konsentrasi ekstrak lebih dari 1%.
House dust mites (HDM), anaeroallergen which may be found in all of part of the urban house including mattress. The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence and risk factors of house dust mites in urban communities i.e.,Pamulang (Southern Tangerang) and Pasar Rebo (Nothern Jakarta). The study design was a cross-sectional study. The samples of house dusts were collected from house of respondents, living-room floors, bed-room floors, kitchen-room floors, terrace-room floors, ventilation, kapuk mattress, sofa, spring bed, foam mattress, and carpet. Mites were examined by a direct method. The species of HDM found were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D.farinae, and Glyciphagus destructor. The prevalence rate ofHDM was 66,9% (621/927). Statistically, no significant difference(p>0,05) was found between the prevalence of HDM in Pamulang(59,8% ,307/513) and Pasar Rebo (75,8%, 314/414). In Pamulang, 94.2% (49/52)of the respondent’s houses were HDM positive (+) and 63.6% (28/44) in Pasar Rebo. Mattresses and bed-room floors were risk factors for HDM(OR=1.99 95% CI 1.06-3.72 and OR=1.8 95% CI 1.10-2.90). This study showed that the houses in two urban communities hadrich HDM.
The infection of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichiuris trichiura may be occured among family members. The aim ofthe study was to know the prevalence and intensity of A.lumbricoidesand T.trichiurainfections among family members in Jakarta and Cipanas, West Java. This study was conducted in two Government Schools, namely SDN Kalibaru 07 Pagi(North Jakarta) and SDN Tarigu(Cipanas, West Jawa) using a cross-sectional design. The feces samples of respondents consisted of father, mother, schoolchildren, as well as other family members. The feces samples were tested by Kato-Katz method. A total of feces samples examined was 842 samples consisting of 242 samples from Kalibaru and 600 from Cipanas. The feces samples were examined by Kato-Katz method. In Kalibaru the prevalences of A. lumbricoides and T.trichiura in father were 27,8% and 13,9%, mother 32,6% and 7,0%, schoolchildren 37,5% and 36,5%, and other family members 30,5% and 21,1% respectively. Statistically, no significant differentiation (p>0.05) of the prevalences of the intestinal helminths among faher, mother, schoolchildren, and other familiy members in Kalibaru. In Cipanas, the prevalences of A. lumbricoides andT.trichiura in fahter were 0,0% and 4,0%, mother 2,0% and 4,70%, schoolchildren 2,0% and 16,7%, and other family members 0,0% and 4,7%. The intensity of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections among the family members in Kalibaru and Cipanans was light to moderate. The A. lumbricoides high infection was only found among schoolchildren in Kalibaru. The family members infected by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were a source of infection for transmitting the intestinal helminths in the community.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a major worldwide public health problem. Biolarvicide is a strategy to suppress the incidence of DHF. Bitter melon fruit contains biochemical constituents such as alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, steroid, and momordicine which have larvicidal effect. This study was aimed to know the effectivity of bitter melon fruit extract as a larvicide of Aedesaegypti larva. The design of this study was experimental. The sample of this study was bitter melon fruit extract. There were 4 concentrationsof bitter melon extract used i.e., 0,8%, 1,6%, 3,2%, 6,4%, and negative control. This study used bioassay method with 20 instar III and IV larvas of Aedesaegypti put into container and were incubated for 24 hours. According to result of Kruskall-Wallis test (p = 0,005) there was a signifcant difference effectof bitter melon extractonthe mortality of Aedesaegypti larva. The result of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was asignifcant difference in the effectivity among the concentrationsof bitter melon extract being compared and control solution. The result of probit analysis showed that LC50 and LC90 values were 1,207% and 2,759%, respectively. According to this study, bitter melon fruit extract has larvicide effectonthe mortality of Aedesaegypti.
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