Ekstrak tumbuhan dapat digunakan sebagai biolarvasida untuk membunuh larva Aedes aegypti, di antaranya adalah ekstrak daun Ocimum sanctum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efek ekstrak metanol daun O. sanctum pada larva Ae. aegypti dan perubahan pada midgut-nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental. Ekstrak daun O. Sanctum dibuat dengan metode evaporasi dan dibuat pada konsentrasi 0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1%. Percobaan diulang sebanyak 4 kali pada setiap konsentrasi. Pengamatan jumlah larva mati dilakukan setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan histopatologi, terdapat kerusakan pada jaringan epitel midgut larva Ae. aegypti. Nilai LC50 ekstrak daun O. sanctum sebesar 0,66%, sedangkan nilai LC90 yang diperoleh sebesar 1,38%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa untuk membunuh larva Ae. aegypti hingga 90% dari jumlah larva, dibutuhkan konsentrasi ekstrak lebih dari 1%.
Tegal district is a dengue-endemic area. One of the strategies to control Ae. aegypti is the use of insecticides. The determination of insecticide resistance in a dengue-endemic area is useful for supporting policies for Ae. aegypti control program. The aim of this study is to determine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in Tegal district, Central Java. Aedes aegypti larvae were collected from June to July 2018. Susceptibility bioassay of Ae. aegypti larvae against temephos and Ae. aegypti female against permethrin were conducted refers to the WHO protocol. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti was interpreted based on WHO protocol as well. The mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae were at 0.025 ppm by 90%. The LC50 at 0.0005 ppm, and LC99 at 1.1037 ppm, respectively. The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti against permethrin was 26%. The LT50 at 6611.636 minutes, and LT99 at 5958807.272 minutes, respectively. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae were possible resistant but adult Ae. aegypti was resistant.
Objective: Trichuriasis is difficult to treat with single-dose anthelmintic. Although a higher cure rate (CR) can be achieved by treatment with triple-dose albendazole and mebendazole, the results of studies are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of triple-dose albendazole and mebendazole in treating trichuriasis. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a primary school in the Pandeglang District, Banten Province, Indonesia in July–August, 2018; 382 children were recruited. Stools were collected and examined microscopically using the Kato–Katz method to identify Trichuriasis eggs. Children positive for Trichuris trichiura were randomized and divided into two groups. One was given a triple dose of 400 mg albendazole and the other a triple dose of 500 mg mebendazole. On day 14 after treatment, stools were reexamined to calculate CR and the egg reduction rate (ERR). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection was 42%, and that of trichuriasis and ascariasis was 25.1% and 29.8%. There was a significant difference (Wilcoxon test, P<0.01) in the intensity of infection before and after intervention. Both groups showed high values of CR (mebendazole: 95.2%, albendazole: 85.4%; Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.125) and ERR (mebendazole: 99%, albendazole: 96%; Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.110). There was no significant difference in CR and ERR between the two groups. Conclusion: Triple-dose albendazole was as effective as triple-dose mebendazole in treating trichuriasis.
Ability to infestation and abundance of parasitic mites in Aedes spp. larvae cannot be separated from the influence of various factors. Ecological factors have been suggested to play a role determine the presence of parasitic mites that under certain conditions become a key factor in determining the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae. The aim of this study to determine the ecological factors affect the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae in Bogor Regency. Capturing of Aedes spp. larvae was performed directly on the habitats found in indoor and outdoor. Capturing mites in the body of Aedes spp. larvae was performed using insect forceps. Ecological factors measured were dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, and total dissolved solid (TDS). The influence of ecological factors was analyzed using regression and correlation analysis. The result of mite identification has been obtained three species of mites that are Halacarus sp., Histiostoma sp., and Hydrozetes sp. The result indicated that total dissolved solid (TDS) and temperature was the factors that determined the abundance of mites. The factors of pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) did not determine the abundance of parasitic mites of Aedes spp. larvae. The research result can be further developed as a new alternative to Dengue Hemorraghic Fever control and provide information on parasitic mites that infest Aedes spp. larvae. In addition, this results become an early step in controlling of Aedes spp. strategy platform by the parasitic mites. play a role determine the presence of parasitic mites that under certain conditions become a key factor in determining the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae. As far as it is not yet known what aspects of the ecological factors determining the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae. This study aim to determine the ecological factors affect the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae in Bogor Regency. This research results can be further developed as a new alternative to DHF control and provide information on parasitic mites that infest Aedes spp. larvae in Bogor Regency. In addition, this results become an early step in controlling of Aedes spp. strategy platform by the parasitic mites. How to Cite
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