Brazilian naturalized goat breeds are adapted to the semiarid conditions prevalent in the Northeast region of the country (which has the largest Brazilian goat heard) and represent an as yet uninvestigated source of genetic diversity. Currently, imported goat breeds are crossed with Brazilian naturalized goat breeds, endangering the genetic potential of the naturalized breeds. We used 11 microsatellite markers to determine the genetic diversity among imported (non-naturalized) dairy Alpine and Saanen goats and naturalized Brazilian Moxotó goats. We genotyped 292 goats from three herds (one private, one from the University of Minas Gerais and the Moxotó conservation herd from Embrapa Caprinos) and found that the general heterozygosity was 0.6952 for Alpine, 0.7043 for Saanen and 0.4984 for Moxotó goats. The number of alleles ranged from 5 (INRA005) to 11 (BM3205), with an average of 7 alleles per locus in the imported breeds and 3.5 alleles per locus in the Moxotó breed. Mean differentiation between populations was higher for herds (F ST S = 0.0768) than for breeds (F ST P = 0.0263), indicating similarity between the imported breeds and the existence of crosses between them. Nei's genetic distance was highest between the Moxotó breed and the imported breeds. These indicate that further studies using these molecular markers would be fruitful.

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RESUMO -O efeito do ambiente e do genótipo foi estudado em dez fazendas particulares no Estado do Ceará, em 480 ovelhas Crioulas, 48 carneiros Santa Inês e 1474 cordeiros F1. As características estudadas foram taxas de acasalamento, fertilidade ao parto, prolificidade e desmame, bem como os pesos ao nascer, 56, 84 e 112 dias de idade e os ganhos diários de peso do nascimento aos 56, dos 56 aos 84 e do nascimento aos 112 dias de idade. Houve efeito significativo da raça sobre as taxas de acasalamento, fertilidade e desmame, sendo que as ovelhas F1 produziram menos cordeiros que as Crioulas. Houve efeito significativo da idade das ovelhas e da fazenda sobre todas as características estudadas, exceto o efeito da idade da ovelha sobre a taxa de desmame. Os pesos e os ganhos de peso na fase de crescimento, de modo geral, foram influenciados pelo ano de nascimento, tipo de nascimento, fazenda e reprodutor dentro de fazenda. As estimativas de herdabilidades para os pesos variam de 0,36 a 0,53, mostrando que existe grande possibilidade para se melhorar a taxa de ganho de peso dos cordeiros cruzados por meio de seleção.Palavras-chave: cruzamento, ganho de peso, herdabilidade, peso, taxa reprodutiva Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Santa Inês Sheep in Ceará StateABSTRACT -The effect of environment and genotype on the Brazilian tropical sheep reproductive performance were evaluated on 480 native ewes, 48 Santa Inês rams and 1.474 F1 lambs from ten private farms in the state of Ceará. The studied traits were mating, fertility, prolificacy and weaning rates, as well as the weight gains at birth, 84 and 112 days, and average daily weight gains from birth to 56, from 56 to 84 and from birth to 112 days. There were effect of breed on the mating, fertility and weaning rates. The F1 ewes were less productive than the natives, but the 1/2 Santa Inês + 1/2 native and 3/4 Santa Inês + 1/4 native lambs had similar growth rates. There were also effect of ewe ages and farm effect on all studied traits, except for ewe ages on weaning rates. Birth year, birth type, farm and ram within the farm, generally, influenced the weights and weight gains in the growth phase. The heritabilities estimated for the weight gain ranged from 0.36 to 0.56, showing that there is a large possibility for improving the weight gain rates of crossbred lambs through mass selection.

A raça caprina Marota é parte do patrimônio genético do Brasil, formada por animais altamente adaptados ao semi-árido nordestino. Este estudo avaliou a estrutura genética do núcleo de conservação da raça Marota, mantida pela Embrapa Meio Norte. SUMMARYMarota breed goat is part of the Brazilian genetic patrimony, consisting by animals highly adapted to semi-arid region. This study evaluated genetic structure of Marota breed from Embrapa Meio Norte conservation nucleus. Pedigree records of 663 animals, which were born from 1995 to 2003, were used for population parameters estimation. Inbreeding coefficient (F) and average relationship coefficient (AR) of the population were 0.11% and 0.84% respectively. Generation interval (IEG) was 5.28 years and average effective size (N e ) per generation was 222 animals; being the effective number of founder animals ( ) and ancestral ( ) was the same (48). Among 214 ancestors evaluated, just 22 of them were responsible for 50% of the population genetic variability, which indicate loss of original genes. This study shows low contribution of the founder animals among the generations. Wright inbreeding coefficient indicates population subdivision in lineages. Inbreeding and average relationship coefficient (AR) are low in the evaluated herd.

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RESUMO: O estudo teve como objetivo descrever as ações realizadas pelos enfermeiros da atenção básica em Picos/Piauí voltadas ao acompanhamento do cliente com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e de corte transversal, realizado com 26 enfermeiros atuantes na estratégia saúde da família, no período de agosto de 2010 a junho de 2011. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado, construído com base em revisão de literatura, o qual foi validado com a utilização da técnica Delphi. Identificaram-se as características socioeconômicas e profissionais dos participantes, bem como as ações desenvolvidas na consulta de enfermagem ao hipertenso. Constatou-se deficiência na implementação do processo de enfermagem, assim como a necessidade de capacitação dos enfermeiros quanto à sua atuação na atenção primária, proporcionando um aperfeiçoamento da assistência a partir da reflexão sobre os aspectos contemplados na consulta de enfermagem à pessoa com hipertensão. Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem; hipertensão; saúde da família; consulta.ABSTRACT: This study aims at describing the actions of nurses from a primary care unit in Picos, Piauí, Brazil, regarding the care of patients suffering from Systemic Arterial Hypertension. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, done with 26 nurses who work with family health. The study was conducted from August, 2010 to June, 2011. Data were collected by means of a semi structured questionnaire on the basis of literature review, and were validated with the use of the Delphi technique. The socioeconomical and professional characteristics of the participants were assessed, as well as the actions performed by the nurses on patients with hypertension. We found that the implementation of the nursing processes is deficient, and the improvement of nursing techniques for acting in primary care is necessary. Assistance must be improved out of the observation of aspects of the treatment nurses give to patients with hypertension.

RESUMO -O estudo foi realizado para avaliar as características produtivas dos caprinos mestiços submetidos às condições climáticas do semi-árido nordestino. Foram utilizadas 657 cabras, as quais foram mantidas em pasto nativo, no período seco, e alimentadas com milho e farelo de soja, e 945 crias mestiças, que foram aleitadas com leite de vaca até 24 horas de vida. As médias das cabras para prolificidade e peso ao parto foram respectivamente 1,69+0,03 e 36,38+0,03 kg, para ½ Pardo Alpina (PA) + ½ Moxotó (MO); 1,59+0,05 e 36,24+0,58 kg, para ¾ PA + ¼ MO; e 1,78+0,04 e 37,25+0,46 kg, para ½ Anglo Nubiana (NA) + ¼ PA + ¼ MO (Tricross). As médias de peso das crias ao nascer, aos 28, 56 e 84 dias de idade, foram respectivamente 2,26+0,04; 4,02+0,07; 6,93+0,14; e 10,97+0,03 kg, para ½ PA + ½ MO, 2,46+0,03; 4,32+0,05; 7,85+0,10 kg; e 12,18+0,19 kg, na mesma ordem de peso, para ¾ PA + ¼ MO e 2,46+0,03; 4,30+0,04; 7,48+0,09; e 11,86+0,17 kg, também na mesma ordem de peso, para Tricross. As cabras mestiças apresentaram prolificidade semelhante às nativas. As crias ¾ Pardo Alpina e as Tricross foram mais pesadas que as crias ½ Pardo Alpina + ½ MO, provavelmente em função do maior percentual de sangue exótico observado nestes dois grupos genéticos.Palavras-chave: ganhos de peso diário, peso ao parto, prolificidade, tricross Performance of Crossbred Goats in The Semi-arid Northeast of BrazilABSTRACT -The experiment was carried out to evaluated the reproductive traits of crossbred goats submitted to the semi-arid Notheast climate conditions. Data from 657 does kept in a native pasture and fed corn and soybean meal based diet, during the dry season, and 945 kids milked up 24 hours, were analyzed. The means for the does prolificacy and at kidding weight were respectively 1.69+.03 and 36.38+.03 kg for ½ Pardo Alpina (PA) + ½ Moxotó (MO), 1.59+.05 and 36.24+0.58 kg for ¾ PA + ¼ M0 and 1.78+.04 and 37.25+.46 kg for ½ Anglo-nubian + ¼ PA + ¼ MO (Tricross). The means for birth weight and at 28 days, at 56 days and at 84 days for the kids were respectively 2.26+.04; 4.02+.07; 6.93+.14 and 10.97+.03 kg, respectively, for 1/2 PA+1/2 MO; 2.46+.03; 4.32+.05; 7.85+.10 kg and 12.18+.19, and 2.46 + .03; 4.30+.04; 7.48+.09 and 11.86+0.17 kg, for Tricross. The crossbred does showed prolificacy similar to the native. The weight gain of kids ¾ PA + ¼ MO and Tricross were higher than for ½ PA + ½ MO, probably due to the higher percent of exotic blood in these genetic groups.

Discs of polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked with glutaraldehyde were synthesized under acid catalysis (H 2 SO 4 ). Then, the antigen F1 purified from Yersinia pestis was covalently linked to this modified polymer. Afterwards, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established for the diagnosis of plague in rabbit and human. The best conditions for the method were achieved by using 1.3 µg of F1 prepared in 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 1 M NaCl (PBS); anti-IgG peroxidase conjugate diluted 6,000 times and as a blocking agent 3% w/v skim milk in PBS. The titration of positive rabbit serum according to this procedure detected antibody concentrations up to 1:12,800 times. The present method, the conventional ELISA and passive haemagglutination assay are compared.