Brazilian naturalized goat breeds are adapted to the semiarid conditions prevalent in the Northeast region of the country (which has the largest Brazilian goat heard) and represent an as yet uninvestigated source of genetic diversity. Currently, imported goat breeds are crossed with Brazilian naturalized goat breeds, endangering the genetic potential of the naturalized breeds. We used 11 microsatellite markers to determine the genetic diversity among imported (non-naturalized) dairy Alpine and Saanen goats and naturalized Brazilian Moxotó goats. We genotyped 292 goats from three herds (one private, one from the University of Minas Gerais and the Moxotó conservation herd from Embrapa Caprinos) and found that the general heterozygosity was 0.6952 for Alpine, 0.7043 for Saanen and 0.4984 for Moxotó goats. The number of alleles ranged from 5 (INRA005) to 11 (BM3205), with an average of 7 alleles per locus in the imported breeds and 3.5 alleles per locus in the Moxotó breed. Mean differentiation between populations was higher for herds (F ST S = 0.0768) than for breeds (F ST P = 0.0263), indicating similarity between the imported breeds and the existence of crosses between them. Nei's genetic distance was highest between the Moxotó breed and the imported breeds. These indicate that further studies using these molecular markers would be fruitful.

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RESUMO -O efeito do ambiente e do genótipo foi estudado em dez fazendas particulares no Estado do Ceará, em 480 ovelhas Crioulas, 48 carneiros Santa Inês e 1474 cordeiros F1. As características estudadas foram taxas de acasalamento, fertilidade ao parto, prolificidade e desmame, bem como os pesos ao nascer, 56, 84 e 112 dias de idade e os ganhos diários de peso do nascimento aos 56, dos 56 aos 84 e do nascimento aos 112 dias de idade. Houve efeito significativo da raça sobre as taxas de acasalamento, fertilidade e desmame, sendo que as ovelhas F1 produziram menos cordeiros que as Crioulas. Houve efeito significativo da idade das ovelhas e da fazenda sobre todas as características estudadas, exceto o efeito da idade da ovelha sobre a taxa de desmame. Os pesos e os ganhos de peso na fase de crescimento, de modo geral, foram influenciados pelo ano de nascimento, tipo de nascimento, fazenda e reprodutor dentro de fazenda. As estimativas de herdabilidades para os pesos variam de 0,36 a 0,53, mostrando que existe grande possibilidade para se melhorar a taxa de ganho de peso dos cordeiros cruzados por meio de seleção.Palavras-chave: cruzamento, ganho de peso, herdabilidade, peso, taxa reprodutiva Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Santa Inês Sheep in Ceará StateABSTRACT -The effect of environment and genotype on the Brazilian tropical sheep reproductive performance were evaluated on 480 native ewes, 48 Santa Inês rams and 1.474 F1 lambs from ten private farms in the state of Ceará. The studied traits were mating, fertility, prolificacy and weaning rates, as well as the weight gains at birth, 84 and 112 days, and average daily weight gains from birth to 56, from 56 to 84 and from birth to 112 days. There were effect of breed on the mating, fertility and weaning rates. The F1 ewes were less productive than the natives, but the 1/2 Santa Inês + 1/2 native and 3/4 Santa Inês + 1/4 native lambs had similar growth rates. There were also effect of ewe ages and farm effect on all studied traits, except for ewe ages on weaning rates. Birth year, birth type, farm and ram within the farm, generally, influenced the weights and weight gains in the growth phase. The heritabilities estimated for the weight gain ranged from 0.36 to 0.56, showing that there is a large possibility for improving the weight gain rates of crossbred lambs through mass selection.