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Termos para indexação: nutrientes, Zea mays, mucuna anã, guandu anão, Crotalaria spectabilis, feijão-de-porco.(1) Suporte financeiro FAPESP. Recebido para publicação em agosto de 2002 e aprovado em dezembro de 2004.

Estimates of genetic progress using different selection criteria in alfalfa genotypesThis study aimed to compare different selection criteria, indicate the selection method that provides larger estimates of genetic progress and identify superior genotypes for the evaluated morphological and bromatological characteristics. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil in a randomized blocks design, with two replicates. The evaluated characteristics were dry matter production, plant height, tolerance to diseases, fenotypic acceptance by animals, protein content, in vitro dry-matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber and the stem/leaf relationship of ninety two alfalfa cultivars from INTA, Argentina. Cultivar Crioula was used as control.

SUMMARYAlfalfa is an important forage crop with high nutritive value, although highly susceptible to soil acidity. Liming is one of the most efficient and prevailing practices to correct soil acidity and improve alfalfa yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate response to liming of alfalfa grown in a greenhouse on a Typic Quartzipsamment soil. The treatments consisted of four lime rates (0, 3.8, 6.6 and 10.3 Mg ha -1 ) and two cuts. Alfalfa dry matter increased quadratically with increasing lime rates. In general, dry matter yield was maximized by a lime rate of 8.0 Mg ha -1 . Except for the control, the dry matter nutrient contents in the treatments were adequate. The positive linear correlation between root and nodule dry matter with lime rates indicated improvement of these plant traits with decreasing soil acidity. The soil acidity indices pH, base saturation, Ca 2+ concentration, Mg 2+ concentration, and H + Al were relevant factors in the assessment of alfalfa yield. The magnitude of influence of these soil acidity indices on yield as determined by the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) varied and decreased in the order: base saturation, H + Al, pH, Ca and Mg concentrations. Optimum values of selected soil chemical properties were defined for maximum shoot dry matter; these values can serve as a guideline for alfalfa liming to improve the yield of this forage on acid soils.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações na atividade da biomassa microbiana como um indicador da dinâmica de C e N em solo submetido à sucessão de cobertura vegetal e de manejo na Amazônia Ocidental. Os trabalhos foram realizados em duas cronosseqüências: CA - sucessão floresta primária e cupuaçuzal (Theobroma grandiflorum) de três anos - e CB - sucessão floresta primária, pastagem de Brachiaria humidicola de oito anos e cupuaçuzal de três anos. A sucessão floresta primária-pastagem-cupuaçuzal afeta negativamente o estoque de C do solo, com diminuição significativa da matéria orgânica e do C da biomassa microbiana do solo, ao passo que na sucessão floresta primária-cupuaçuzal ocorre diminuição apenas do C da biomassa microbiana. A floresta primária apresenta menor quociente metabólico e maior relação C/N da biomassa, o que resulta em menor perda de carbono. O N da biomassa microbiana na camada de 0-10 cm, independentemente do manejo adotado, aumenta significativamente na área de cupuaçuzal, ao passo que o N total diminui. A concentração de amônio no solo diminui com a profundidade, de modo oposto ao verificado com o nitrato.

2 Dry bean along with rice is a staple food for the population of South America. In this tropical region beans are grown on Oxisols and phosphorus (P) is one of the most yield limiting factors for dry bean production on these soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate P use efficiency in 20 elite dry bean genotypes grown at deficient (25 mg P kg −1 soil) and sufficient (200 mg P kg −1 ) levels of soil P. Grain yields and yield components were significantly increased with P fertilization and, interspecific genotype differences were observed for yield and yield components. The grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) was having highly significant quadratic association with grain yield. Based on GYEI most P use efficient genotypes were CNFP 8000, CNFP 10035, CNFP10104, CNFC 10410, CNFC 9461, CNFC 10467, CNFP 10109 and CNFP 10076 and most inefficient genotypes were CNFC 10438, CNFP 10120, CNFP 10103, and CNFC 10444. Shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weights and number of seeds per pod was having significant positive association with grain yield. Hence, grain yield of dry bean can be improved with the improvement of these plant traits by adopting appropriate management practices. Soil pH, extractable P and calcium (Ca) saturation were significantly influenced by P treatments. Based on regression equation, optimum pH value in water was 6.6, optimum P in Mehlich 1 extraction solution was 36 mg kg −1 and optimum Ca saturation value was 37% for dry maximum bean yield.