Dry Bean Genotypes Evaluation for Growth, Yield Components and Phosphorus Use Efficiency

Abstract

2 Dry bean along with rice is a staple food for the population of South America. In this tropical region beans are grown on Oxisols and phosphorus (P) is one of the most yield limiting factors for dry bean production on these soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate P use efficiency in 20 elite dry bean genotypes grown at deficient (25 mg P kg −1 soil) and sufficient (200 mg P kg −1 ) levels of soil P. Grain yields and yield components were significantly increased with P fertilization and, interspecific genotype differences were observed for yield and yield components. The grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) was having highly significant quadratic association with grain yield. Based on GYEI most P use efficient genotypes were CNFP 8000, CNFP 10035, CNFP10104, CNFC 10410, CNFC 9461, CNFC 10467, CNFP 10109 and CNFP 10076 and most inefficient genotypes were CNFC 10438, CNFP 10120, CNFP 10103, and CNFC 10444. Shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weights and number of seeds per pod was having significant positive association with grain yield. Hence, grain yield of dry bean can be improved with the improvement of these plant traits by adopting appropriate management practices. Soil pH, extractable P and calcium (Ca) saturation were significantly influenced by P treatments. Based on regression equation, optimum pH value in water was 6.6, optimum P in Mehlich 1 extraction solution was 36 mg kg −1 and optimum Ca saturation value was 37% for dry maximum bean yield.

Effect of Phosphorus Application and Varieties on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…As to the present experiment, the existence of genotypic variation in grain yield and yield components (Fageria et al, 2010;Girma et al, 2014;Zewdu, 2014) and the delay in days to maturity (Gidago et al, 2011) with the limited P supply have been reported for common bean. The early flowering with the supply of P observed in present experiment agrees with the report for tomato (Menary and Staden, 1976), wheat (Rahman and Wilson, 1977) and tef (Balcha, 2014).…”

“…The differences in genotypes to grow in P limited soils have been reported in several crops such as wheat (Gahoonia et al, 1999;Osborne and Rengel, 2002;Ozturk et al, 2005), maize (Hussein, 2009) and common bean (Fageria et al, 2010) which may be due to differences in changing rhizosphere pH, release of organic compounds, root surface area (Lynch and Brown, 2001;Gahoonia and Nielsen, 2004), production and secretion of phosphatase enzymes by the roots (Yun and Kaeppler, 2001;Wasaki et al, 2003) and use of acquired P in dry matter production (Fohse et al, 1988;Clark and Duncan, 1991). The present experiment was conducted to determine grain yield and yield components and agronomic efficiency of common bean varieties at different P rates.…”

“…Moreover, usually less than 15% of P fertilizer applied is recovered from the soil by the crop grown immediately after application (Greenwood, 1981). Even though addition of P fertilizer increases grain yield in many crops such as tef (Deressa et al, 2004;Balcha, 2014),wheat (Gunes et al, 2006), sorghum (Akram et al, 2007), maize (Hussein, 2009), common bean (Fageria et al, 2010;Gidago et al, 2011;Girma et al, 2014;Kassa et al, 2014) and soybean (Devi et al, 2012), the application of excess P fertilizer has been associated with environmental pollution (Mengel and Kirkby, 2001;Marschner, 2012).…”

Phosphorus use efficiency in pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) genotypes

“…The large variation in the PS treatment indicates that G. barbadense genotypes are more responsive to P application. Responsive genotypes are more productive and can thus be used as a criterion for selecting and evaluating varieties according to their nutritional efficiency (Fageria et al, 2010).…”

“…Phosphorus-efficient genotypes within a species are able to grow well and produce high yields in soils with low available P; they are therefore tolerant to P deficiency (Fageria et al, 2010). Considerable intraspecific variations in P efficiency have been identified in a variety of plant species, including cowpea (Araújo et al, 2012), rice (Fageria and Moraes, 2013), and citrus (Zambrosi et al, 2012).…”