Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas are different from other grades with lower SR values. The presence of microcalcifications and molecular subtypes do not affect elasticity like a high histological grade does.

Acute pancreatitis is a common disease that can be fatal at advanced stages. Therefore, early evaluation of the prognosis of acute pancreatitis is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of monocyte distribution width in defining the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Material and Method:The study included patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis between December 2019 and October 2020. The cases were evaluated in 2 groups as mild pancreatitis and non-mild pancreatitis. The groups were compared in terms of age, white blood cell, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, length of hospital stay, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Monocyte Distribution Width, amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase.Results: A statistically significant difference was determined between the mild pancreatitis group (n:59) and non-mild pancreatitis group (n:48) in terms of white blood cell, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, Monocyte Distribution Width and length of hospital stay (p<0.05). When the cut-off value for Monocyte Distribution Width was taken as 703.00, sensitivity was 50.94% and specificity was 61.11%. Conclusion:The Monocyte Distribution Width is a parameter that can be used to differentiate mild pancreatitis from non-mild pancreatitis. More extensive studies are needed for a clearer evaluation.

:Background:This experimental study compared the hemostatic effects of calcium alginate and Ankaferd Blood Stopper in hepatic parenchymal bleedings. Material and method:The study comprised 39 male Wistar albino rats (weight 230±30 g). Laceration model was created in the left lateral lobe of the liver. Standard cotton gauze that was impregnated 0.9% NaCl solution and Calcium alginate cover was compared to ABS tampon. The amount of preoperative bleeding, preoperative and postoperative Day 1 hematocrit levels, and the difference between them were assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: Comparing the hematocrit levels between the groups, we found that the amount of bleeding was signifi cantly higher in the control group versus the study groups (p<0.001). Histopathological examination revealed the portal area enlargement and biliary canaliculi proliferation. In the Ca 2+ Alginate group, it was observed that the fi bres were still present in the incision line with massive fi brotic area around. In the Ankaferd group, examination of the preparations revealed patchy focal necrosis areas but no fi brotic area. Conclusion:With this study, we demonstrated that both calcium alginate and Ankaferd have hemostatic effect in preventing hepatic parenchymal bleeding and that calcium alginate causes fi brosis in the liver, where ABS causes focal necrosis areas (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 19). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

Amaç: Kolorektal kanser tarama amaçlı yapılan gaytada gizli kan testinde pozitiflik saptanarak kolonoskopi yapılan hastalarda kolonoskopi yapılma oranı, kanser, polip ve diğer kolorektal hastalık oranlarını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların kolonoskopi sonuçları prospektif olarak kayıt altına alındı. Bulgular: Kolonoskopi planlanan ardışık 300 hastanın sadece 127'si (%42,3) kolonoskopiyi kabul etti ve yaptırdı. Hastaların 47'sinde (%37) kolonoskopi normal idi. Kırk (%31,5) hastada benign polip, 24 (%18,9) hastada divertiküler hastalık, 40 (%31,5) hastada hemoroid veya anal fissür izlendi. Polip saptanan ve polipektomi yapılan hastalarda histopatolojik inceleme sonucunda bir (%0,8) hastada hafif şiddette displazi ve bir (%0,8) hastada malign polip saptandı. Sonuç: Gaytada gizli kan pozitifliği saptanan hastalarda kolonoskopi yaptırma oranı ve malignite saptanma oranı çok düşük bulunmuştur. Hastaların kolonoskopinin gerekliliği konusunda bildirilmesi ve kolonoskopi yaptırılmaya teşvik edilmesi kolorektal tarama programlarının başarıya ulaşmasında faydalı olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kolorektal kanser, tarama, kolonoskopi ABSTRACT ÖZAim: To determine the rate of colonoscopies performed in patients referred for colonoscopy due to positive fecal occult blood test in colorectal cancer screening, and the rates of cancer, polyps, and other colorectal diseases detected in those who underwent colonoscopy. Method: Colonoscopy results of the patients were recorded prospectively. Results: Of the 300 consecutive patients scheduled for colonoscopy, only 127 (42.3%) underwent the procedure. Normal colonoscopy findings were seen in 47 (37%) of the patients. Forty patients (31.5%) had benign polyps, 24 (18.9%) had diverticulosis, and 40 (31.5%) had hemorrhoids or anal fissures. One patient (0.8%) had mild dysplasia and one patient (0.8%) had malignant polyp in histopathologic examination of polypectomy specimen. Conclusion: The colonoscopy rate and the rate of detection of malignancy were very low in patients who had positive fecal occult blood test in the present study. Informing patients about the need for colonoscopy and encouraging them to have colonoscopy will be helpful for the success of colorectal screening programs.

Aim: Peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) is currently the most common complication of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which requires surgery. Mortality and morbidity rates are high after surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors affecting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing surgery due to peptic ulcer perforation. Material and Method:The study included 135 patients diagnosed and operated on because of PUP in the general surgery clinic between February 2015 and January 2020. Evaluations were made of the relationships between mortality and age, gender, ASA scores, season of surgery, preoperative leukocyte, preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), preoperative creatinine and amylase values, location and diameter of the perforation, comorbid diseases, onset of pain and time of surgery.Results: Advanced age, male gender, high ASA score, >12 hours between the onset of the symptoms and the time of surgery, and high creatinine, NLR and amylase values before surgery, ulcer diameter >1 cm and comorbid diseases were associated with mortality. No relationship was found between the location of the ulcer and leukocyte values at the time of admission and mortality. Conclusion:Advanced age, male gender, high ASA score, >12 hours between the onset of symptoms and the time of surgery, and high preoperative creatinine, NLR and amylase values, ulcer diameter >1 cm and comorbid diseases are risk factors for mortality in peptic ulcer perforation. Understanding these factors, identifying patients at risk, and early intervention can help reduce mortality in PUP.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is clinically accepted as a marker of systemic inflammatory response. In breast cancer patients, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can be used as an important prognostic indicator of survival. In routine laboratory tests, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio can also be examined in addition to neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Although the effects on breast cancer survival of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, which is accepted as the twin of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, are not as widely accepted as those of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet activation is known to be a feature of cancer. Here, we present the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio of a patient with locally advanced cancer of the left breast who underwent a simple mastectomy that reduced the tumor load. Following surgical therapy, a remarkable regression was observed in the local recurrence area of the right mastectomy site; at the same time, the patient's neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and PLR values significantly decreased.

Aim: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect on obstructive jaundice (OJ) of oral Red Ginseng (RG) extract, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Material and Method: The rats were randomly separated into 3 groups of 10 rats: The sham group, the control group, and the treatment group. In Group 1 (sham), the common bile duct (CBD) was identified but no ligation or transection was performed. In Group 2 (control), the CBD was identified and ligation and transection were performed, but no treatment was given. In Group 3 (RG group), CBD ligation and transection were performed, then RG extract was administered via an orogastric tube at a dose of 100 mg/ kg/day for 10 days. After 10 days, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, and liver tissue samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: Significantly higher serum albumin levels and lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined in the RG group than in the control group (p=0.028, p=0.001 and p=0.034, respectively). In the oxidative stress parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly different between the RG group and control group (p≤0.001 for each). Total sulfhydryl (T-SH) was not at a statistically significant level, although it was high and approached the value of the sham group (p=0.076). In the histopathological evaluation, the RG group had statistically significantly lower scores in all parameters compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study showed that RG has a strong hepatoprotective effect as a result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

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