Acute pancreatitis is a common disease that can be fatal at advanced stages. Therefore, early evaluation of the prognosis of acute pancreatitis is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of monocyte distribution width in defining the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Material and Method:The study included patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis between December 2019 and October 2020. The cases were evaluated in 2 groups as mild pancreatitis and non-mild pancreatitis. The groups were compared in terms of age, white blood cell, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, length of hospital stay, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Monocyte Distribution Width, amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase.Results: A statistically significant difference was determined between the mild pancreatitis group (n:59) and non-mild pancreatitis group (n:48) in terms of white blood cell, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, Monocyte Distribution Width and length of hospital stay (p<0.05). When the cut-off value for Monocyte Distribution Width was taken as 703.00, sensitivity was 50.94% and specificity was 61.11%. Conclusion:The Monocyte Distribution Width is a parameter that can be used to differentiate mild pancreatitis from non-mild pancreatitis. More extensive studies are needed for a clearer evaluation.

Aim: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect on obstructive jaundice (OJ) of oral Red Ginseng (RG) extract, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Material and Method: The rats were randomly separated into 3 groups of 10 rats: The sham group, the control group, and the treatment group. In Group 1 (sham), the common bile duct (CBD) was identified but no ligation or transection was performed. In Group 2 (control), the CBD was identified and ligation and transection were performed, but no treatment was given. In Group 3 (RG group), CBD ligation and transection were performed, then RG extract was administered via an orogastric tube at a dose of 100 mg/ kg/day for 10 days. After 10 days, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, and liver tissue samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: Significantly higher serum albumin levels and lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined in the RG group than in the control group (p=0.028, p=0.001 and p=0.034, respectively). In the oxidative stress parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly different between the RG group and control group (p≤0.001 for each). Total sulfhydryl (T-SH) was not at a statistically significant level, although it was high and approached the value of the sham group (p=0.076). In the histopathological evaluation, the RG group had statistically significantly lower scores in all parameters compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study showed that RG has a strong hepatoprotective effect as a result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Objective: To investigate the predictive effect of preoperative inflammatory factors on overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).

It was aimed to examine the effects of Red Ginseng (RG), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on the histopathological alterations and lipid metabolism following splenectomy. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 rats each. Only laparotomy was conducted in group 1 (sham). In group 2 (control), splenectomy was performed but no therapy was offered. Splenectomy was performed and RG extract was supplied orogastrically at a dosage of 100mg/kg/day for 28 days in group 3 (RG group). At the end of the 28-day period, tissue samples were obtained for the assessment of histopathological alterations in the vascular, intestinal, and lung tissues, and blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Results: The RG group had reduced significantly total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels than the control group (p<0.05). When mononuclear cell infiltration in colon and lung tissues was evaluated, it was shown to be considerably lower in the RG group (p<0.05). For aortic tissues, there was no difference between the groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed to be considerably lower in the RG group compared to the control group (p <0.05). The total sulfhydryl (t-SH) level increased considerably in the RG group as compared to the control group. (p<0.05) Conclusions: After splenectomy, RG usage decreases oxidative stress in mice. It has also been demonstrated to have a regulating impact on lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the administration of RG following splenectomy was found to have a poor likelihood of improving vascular, lung, and colon epithelial regeneration.

Aim: De Ritis ratio (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase) may be a useful prognostic biomarker for certain malignant tumors. However, the predictive value of the De Ritis ratio before treatment in preoperative staging in patients with breast cancer is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the De Ritis ratio in benign and malignant breast diseases and investigate the predictive value of it for breast cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis was made of the clinicopathological data of 301 patients with benign breast disease and breast cancer treated between April 2017 and April 2020 in a single center. 64 Patients were excluded from the study due to chronic illness or incomplete data. The relationship between the De Ritis ratio and clinicopathological findings before treatment was evaluated in patients. The Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used in the comparisons between groups. Results: Of the total 237 patients, the number of patients with benign breast disease was 96 and the number of the patients with breast cancer was 141. No statistically significant results were determined between the benign breast disease and breast cancer groups, in respect of pre-treatment evaluation of the De Ritis ratio and as a predictive factor for preoperative staging in molecular subtyping, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, and Ki 67 index. Conclusion: It was concluded that the De Ritis ratio examined before treatment was not an independent predictive factor in breast cancer diagnosis and staging.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical method and systemic treatment results, recurrence and mortality rates in patients whose histopathological results were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) following breast surgery in our general surgery clinic. Material and Method:A retrospective review was made of the preoperative and postoperative histopathological results of all patients who underwent breast surgery in our general surgery clinic between January 2016 and January 2021. The demographic data, clinicopathological features, postoperative systemic treatments, local recurrence (LR) rate, and overall survival (OS) rate of patients whose histopathological results were reported as DCIS were obtained from the data system of our hospital and the national death reporting system. Results:The study group consisted of 24 female patients with a histopathology result of DCIS. The average age of the patients was 49.96±10.61 years. In the localization of the lesions in the breast, 11 (45.8%) were observed as unifocal, 7 (29.2%) as multifocal and 6 (25%) as multicentric. The most common type of operation was lumpectomy (n=16, 66.7%). Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 8 patients. The mean follow-up period of the patients after surgery was 32.20±18.22 months. Anti-estrogen hormone therapy (HT) was applied to 21 (87.5%) patients and radiotherapy (RT) to 14 (58.3%) after the operation. There was no recurrence in any of the patients and no mortality was observed. Conclusion:With a multidisciplinary approach and good preoperative staging, as applied in our general surgery clinic, it can be recommended that the most appropriate surgical method is applied, and risk factors determined for DCIS patients. RT is recommended for eligible patients after BCS and HT in estrogen receptor+ patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of monocyte distribution width in both the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) and in differentiating between simple appendicitis (SA) and complicated appendicitis (CA). MaTERıaL anD METhOD:This study was conducted using data from 107 adult patients who underwent appendectomy. Demographic details, preoperative white blood cell (WBC) count, immature granulocyte count (IG) and percentage (IG %), monocyte distribution width (MDW), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and pathology results were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were grouped as AA and normal appendix (NA) according to the pathology reports, and the AA cases were divided into SA and CA groups according to the intraoperative findings.RESULTS: WBC, IG, IG%, NLR and MDW values were found to be statistically significant for the differentiation of acute appendicitis from normal appendicitis cases (p < 0.05). Of these parameters, the strongest parameter for the diagnosis of AA was NLR (sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 89%, p< 0.001). The IG value was found to be statistically significant in the diagnosis of complicated appendicitis cases (p < 0.05) COnCLUSıOn:The MDW value is a fast, reliable and easily accessible parameter in the diagnosis of AA. However, although MDW values were found to be high in CA cases in the differentiation of SA and CA, they were not statistically significant. More comprehensive studies are needed for a clearer assessment.

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a cancer with poor prognosis despite advances in diagnosis and treatment methods, and postoperative morbidity and mortality rates are high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive and early prognostic effect of the pre-treatment albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Methods: The study included male and female patients who were operated on with the diagnosis of GAC in our general surgery clinic between January 2016 and November 2020. The demographic and postoperative histopathological findings, postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality findings of the patients were evaluated retrospectively from the hospital data. Results: Evaluation was made of a total of 70 patients operated on with the diagnosis of GAC. In the ROC curve analysis applied to the AGR ratio, the optimum cut-off value was 1.54. A statistically significant difference was found between the high (≥1.54) and low (<1.54) AGR groups in terms of intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, serious postoperative complications, anastomotic leakage, and in-hospital mortality (p = 0.050, p = 0.016, p = 0.011; p = 0.005). In univariate analysis with postoperative serious complications, statistically significant results were found with age> 65 years, high American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score and low AGR (p = 0.035, p <0.001, p = 0.016), whereas in multivariate analysis, only high ASA score was found to be an independent risk factor (p = 0.031). Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated the relationship between low AGR and serious postoperative complications, anastomotic leakage and early mortality risk in GAC. The AGR ratio, which can be calculated from the albumin and globulin values used in routine clinical practice, can be used as a suitable prognostic factor in this patient group to enable the clinician to take the necessary preoperative precautions.