CaDob treatment repaired the histpatological changes induced by bile duct ligation. The hepatoprotective effects of CaDob can be associated with its antioxidant properties of the drug.

Background: Montelukast is a cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 (CysLT₁) selective receptor antagonist. In recent years, investigations have shown that montelukast possesses secondary anti-inflammatory activities and also antioxidant effects. For this reason, we aimed to determine the possible effects of montelukast on liver damage in experimental obstructive jaundice. Methods: 30 Wistar-Albino male rats were randomized and divided into three groups of 10 animals each: group I, sham-operated; group II, ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL) followed by daily intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml of saline; group III, BDL followed by daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg montelukast dissolved in saline. The animals were killed on postoperative day 7 by high-dose diethyl ether inhalation. Blood and liver samples were taken for examination. Results: In this study, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001), myeloperoxidase (p = 0.003), and total sulfhydryl (SH) (p = 0.009) were found to be significantly different between the BDL + montelukast and the BDL groups. Plasma total SH (p = 0.002) and MDA (p = 0.027) values were also statistically different between these groups. Statistical analyses of histological activity index scores showed that the histopathological damage in the BDL + montelukast group was significantly less than the damage in the control group (p < 0.05 for all pathological parameters). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, montelukast showed a significant hepatoprotective effect in this experimental obstructive jaundice model, which might be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Prior knowledge of communications between these two neighbouring nerves, both in terms of their incidences and pattern of communications, may be of considerable significance to neurologists and orthopaedicians in dealing with nerve entrapment syndromes in the upper limb of patients.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia reperfusion causes injury to the liver cells during transplantation, trauma and emergency surgery. We investigated whether the anti TNF-α agent, etanercept, can reduce injury in an animal model of ischemia reperfusion owing to the fact that TNF-α plays a critical role in the process of infl ammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups: sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), etanercept (5 mg/kg) treatment (Group 3). Ischemia-reperfusion model was carried out by clamping the hepatic pedicle for 45 min and then reperfusing the liver for 60 min. Etanercept (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 5 min prior to reperfusion. At the end of the procedures, blood and liver tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological assessment. RESULTS: Control and treatment groups showed signifi cant differences in hepatic function tests, plasma and tissue oxidative stress parameters. Samples in the control group histopathologically showed morphologic abnormalities specifi c to ischemia reperfusion. Histomorphologic fi ndings in the treatment groups showed similar features as the sham group. CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence suggests that TNF-α plays a key role in liver ischemia reperfusion injury and etanercept may provide a novel therapeutic approach for patients undergoing liver surgical procedure (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 22). Text in PDF www.elis.sk. A, Offi dani A. The effect of etanercept on hepatic fi brosis risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and psoriasis. J Gastroenterol 2012 (10). Tian Y, Jochum W, Georgiev P, Moritz W, Graf R, Clavien PA.Kupffer cell-dependent TNF-alpha signaling mediates injury in the arterialized small-for-size liver transplantation in the mouse.

PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of silymarin on oxidative stress and hepatic injury induced by obstructive jaundice in an experimental model. METHODS:Thirty Wistar-Albino type female rats were divided into 3 groups each including 10 rats. Only laparotomy was performed in group 1. Bile duct ligation was performed in group 2. In group 3, bile duct ligation was performed and orogastic silymarin 300 mg/ kg/day dose was given for seven days. At the end of seven days, rats were sacrificed. The blood and liver tissue samples were taken to be examined biochemically and histopathologically. RESULTS:The plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde were significantly lower in silymarin group than in the bile duct ligated group. Although liver levels of GSH were significantly higher in silymarin group than in the bile duct ligated group, there was no significant difference between the plasma GSH levels of these groups. In silymarin group; the enlargement of hepatocytes, dilatation of canaliculi and the edema were regressed. CONCLUSION:Silymarin diminished the harmful effects of obstructive jaundice on liver.

:Background:This experimental study compared the hemostatic effects of calcium alginate and Ankaferd Blood Stopper in hepatic parenchymal bleedings. Material and method:The study comprised 39 male Wistar albino rats (weight 230±30 g). Laceration model was created in the left lateral lobe of the liver. Standard cotton gauze that was impregnated 0.9% NaCl solution and Calcium alginate cover was compared to ABS tampon. The amount of preoperative bleeding, preoperative and postoperative Day 1 hematocrit levels, and the difference between them were assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: Comparing the hematocrit levels between the groups, we found that the amount of bleeding was signifi cantly higher in the control group versus the study groups (p<0.001). Histopathological examination revealed the portal area enlargement and biliary canaliculi proliferation. In the Ca 2+ Alginate group, it was observed that the fi bres were still present in the incision line with massive fi brotic area around. In the Ankaferd group, examination of the preparations revealed patchy focal necrosis areas but no fi brotic area. Conclusion:With this study, we demonstrated that both calcium alginate and Ankaferd have hemostatic effect in preventing hepatic parenchymal bleeding and that calcium alginate causes fi brosis in the liver, where ABS causes focal necrosis areas (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 19). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the protective effect of calcium dobesilate (CaDob), an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug, on experimental liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS:Forty rats were divided into four groups. In Group 1, (sham), only hepatic pedicle was induced. In Group 2 (control), hepatic pedicle was reperfused for 90 min after being clamped for 60 min. No treatment was given in Group 1 and 2. In Group 3 (perioperative CaDob), 100 mg/kg CaDob was given 2 hours prior to the operation in which hepatic pedicle was reperfused for 90 min following a 60-min clamp. In Group 4 (preoperative CaDob), after 100 mg/kg/day CaDob was given for 10 days before the operation, hepatic pedicle was clamped for 60 min and reperfused for 90 minutes. At the end of these procedures, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological assessment. RESULTS:Liver function tests and tissue oxidative stress parameters were significantly lower in the preoperative and perioperative treatment groups than the control group. Furthermore, it was observed that histopathological injury in the control group significantly decreased in both perioperative and preoperative treatment groups. CONCLUSION:Calcium dobesilate demonstrated a significant hepatoprotective effect in terms of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Background: The study aims to reveal the effect of 2100 MHz radio frequency radiation on thyroid tissues of the rats in early and late groups. Material and Method: In this study, 30 healthy female Wistar albino rats, weighting 200 to 256 g each were used. The animals were randomly divided into four groups (groups E1, E2, G1, G2). Groups E2 and G2 served as the control groups. The exposure groups were exposed to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a 3G-mobile phone for 6 hours /day, 5 consecutive days/ week, at the same time of the day (between 9 am-3pm), for 10 days (group E1) and 40 days (group G1). Results: Catalase and xanthine oxidase enzyme activities were compared between the groups E1 and E2, it was found that the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Between the groups G-1 and G-2 the difference was found to be significant with respect to catalase activities. The early and late groups tissue samples showed no serious pathological findings in the histopathological examination. Conclusion: We believe that comprehensive, clinical and experimental studies, are needed to assess how effective the RF exposure duration and dosage of exposure on thyroid tissues.