Compress natural gas (CNG) is also considered as alternative fuel to produce better emission in a vehicle, but the main disadvantage of CNG in comparison to liquid fuel (gasoline) is the lack of power produced for the same capacity of engine. In this study, the single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was selected in order to study the effect CNG into the spark ignition engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to study the performance of CNG and liquid fuel. The usage of sensor also applies to the test to extract the data during the ignition stage for liquid fuel and CNG. The heat generated by both types of fuel also had been extracted from the tested engine in order to define which usage of fuel would cause a higher heat transfer to the engine. From this study, the result showed that pressure inside cylinder for CNG is 20% less than gasoline. CNG fuel also produced 23% less heat transfer rate compared to gasoline. The results explained why CNG produced 18.5% lower power compared to liquid fuel (gasoline).So, some improvement needs to be done in order to use CNG as fuel.
Problem statement: Investigation of fluid flow behavior through porous media in a liddriven square cavity. Approach: The Brinkman-Forcheimer equation is coupled with the lattice Boltzmann formulation to predict the velocity field in the system. Three numerical experiments were preformed with different values of Darcy number to investigate the effect of porosity on the fluid flow.Results: In the current study, we found that the magnitude of velocity, strength of vortex and velocity boundary layer is significantly affected porosity of the media. Conclusion: The lattice Boltzmann simulation scheme is capable in prediction of fluid flow behavior through porous media.
In this paper, we report an efficient numerical method to predict fluid flow behavior in a square and deep lid-driven cavities. The conventional continuity and momentum equations are transformed into stream-function and vorticity formulation to reduce the number of unknown spatial quantities. Numerical experiments were performed with different values of aspect ratio and Reynolds number to investigate the effect of these dimensionless parameters on the fluid flow behavior in the cavity. In the current study, we found that the dynamics and the structure of primary vortex are significantly affected by the Reynolds number and the aspect ratio of the cavity.
Liquid sloshing is any motion of free liquid surface inside its container. Sloshing may generate hydrodynamics loads that can be dangerous to structural integrity and stability of moving container. In this study, liquid sloshing in cubical and cylindrical containers with similar characteristic length were investigated. The containers with liquid inside were excited sinusoidally by using an electrodynamics shaker while the free liquid surface level change was captured by using high speed camera. The highest free liquid surface level difference obtained for cylindrical and cubical containers were compared. Results show that cylindrical containers produce less liquid sloshing and thus more suitable to be used for liquid transportation.
All-terrain vehicle is famously used for various purposes such as in civilian and military. The use of finite element analysis in a preliminary design stage has been demonstrated to be cost and time effective. In this paper, the finite element analysis of a brake disc for All-Terrain-Vehicle (ATV) is demonstrated. Eulerian-Lagrangian method was employed in this work where simple annular ring was used as the disc model. This study is limited to thermal and contact analysis between the disc and brake pad. The results in term of temperature and stresses distribution is obtained and presented. Moreover, the lateral displacement of the disc due to the friction contact is also shown. These results are then used to as a technical guideline in designing brake system for a fully customized ATV
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