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Considering the importance of recreation and excursions in household's basket of expenditures on the one hand, and not paying attention to the economic value of recreational function for natural resources and environment as non-market goods on the other hand, this paper was written with the aim of estimating the recreational value of Shahid Zare Sari Forest Park when using the individual travel cost method. Requested data sets were obtained by completing questionnaires from 302 individuals who visited the above-mentioned park in 2012-2013. In the individual travel cost method, for the investigation of distributional effects of variables on the number of travels, a linear regression model was applied. For this purpose the travel generation function using linear, double log, linear-log and log-linear forms was estimated. Among these forms, according to the econometrical parameter, a linear function was selected and parameters were estimated based on the method of ordinary least squares. The consumer surplus was 12.53 USD per each visit and the annual recreational value of 72,500 people who visited the park annually was 52,558 USD·ha -1 . The findings also showed that the involved variables, travel costs, income and visitor's distance were statistically significant at 1% level and family and education were significant at 5% level. Results revealed that forest parks have a considerable recreational value that, from this point of view, can help programmers and executives, social and economic managers in the preservation planning and sustainable utilization of natural resources.

Kajian kematangan gonad pada rajungan betina mengerami telur dan fekunditas berdasarkan warna telur masih terbatas. Penelitian ini menganalisis fekunditas dan tingkat kematangan gonad rajungan betina mengerami telur di Teluk Lasongko, dilakukan dari bulan April 2013 sampai Maret 2014. Fekunditas rajungan dianalisis berdasarkan kelas ukuran tubuh danwarna rajungan betina mengerami telur. Tingkat kematangan gonad ditentukan berdasarkan perubahan warna dan morfologi gonad. Fekunditas rajungan berkisar 69.747-2.078.874 butir dengan lebar karapas 86,6-162,3mm. Fekunditas rajungan bervariasi terhadap ukuran tubuh dan warna rajungan mengerami telur, serta berkorelasi dengan ukuran tubuh dan berat telur. Rajungan betina mengerami telur ditemukan dari TKGI sampai IV. Fekunditas rajungan di perairan ini tergolong sedang sampai tinggi, rajungan betina mengerami telur berwarna kuning dan orange didominasi belum matang gonad sedangkan berwarna coklat dan abu-abu gelap didominasi matang gonad.

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Background: Around 2000 plant species occur naturally in Lorestan Province of which 250 species are medicinal and myrtle is one of them. Myrtle is a shrub whose leaves and fruits have medicinal value and thus, if managed and harvested properly, could produce sustained economic benefits. In recent years, however, over half of the myrtle site areas was destroyed, due to inappropriate management and excessive harvesting practices. Thus, coming up with a practical harvesting approach along with identifying those factors damaging the sites, seems to be very crucial. Methods: In our investigation, we calculated the conservation value per hectare of myrtle in the Dooreh forest area in Lorestan Province. Using the Contingent Valuation (CV) and Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice (DBDC) methods, we determined the willingness to pay (WTP) for myrtle conservation. The WTP was estimated with a logit model for which indices were obtained based on a maximum precision criterion.

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Information regarding the diversity of bycatch from blue swimming crab fishing operations is important in ecosystem-based management and assessment for Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification of crab fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi and Indonesia. However, data limitation becomes major challenges. This study aims to specify the types of bycatch caught from blue swimming crab fishing in Lasongko and Kendari Bay Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted in March to September 2019. Data was collected from trap and bottom gillnet fishing by using a purposive sampling method on a monthly basis. Bycatch was categorized into two groups, namely economically valuable and discarded, according to the local fishers’ perception. Information was presented both spatially and temporally. The results show that bycatch consists of 66 species including 41 economically valuable and 26 discarded species. Indices of diversity, evenness and dominance of fish were also discussed to describe the ecological conditions. Accordingly, this bycatch composition is able to support the management and assessment of MSC certification of crab fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi. Keywords: bycatch, fish diversity, blue swimming crab fisheries, Southeast Sulawesi.