A bulk structure of inexpensive intermetallic nickel-tin (Ni-Sn) alloys catalysts demonstrated highly selective in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid in water into -valerolactone. The intermetallic Ni-Sn catalysts were synthesized via a very simple thermochemical method from non-organometallic precursor at low temperature followed by hydrogen treatment at 673 K for 90 min. The molar ratio of nickel salt and tin salt was varied to obtain the corresponding Ni/Sn ratio of 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.5, and 0.75. The formation of Ni-Sn alloy species was mainly depended on the composition and temperature of H2 treatment. Intermetallics Ni-Sn that contain Ni3Sn, Ni3Sn2, and Ni3Sn4 alloy phases are known to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for levulinic acid hydrogenation giving very excellence -valerolactone yield of >99% at 433 K, initial H2 pressure of 4.0 MPa within 6 h. The effective hydrogenation was obtained in H2O without the formation of by-product. Intermetallic Ni-Sn(1.5) that contains Ni3Sn2 alloy species demonstrated very stable and reusable catalyst without any significant loss of its selectivity.
The purpose of this study was to determine the use of brass plate catalysts in the exhaust channel of Suzuki Shogun Axelo 125 in 2010. This study used an experimental method. The population in this study was a Suzuki Shogun Axelo 125 motorbike in 2010, the research data was a number showing gas content remove CO 2 , CO, HC. This research was carried out in the banjarmasin environment office using a gas analyzer and was also conducted at the Banjarmasin plug and play workshop by using a dynamometer. The technique used in data collection was the variation in rpm and number of plates. (1) The results of this study are: Forming a catalytic converter with plate variation 8 (eight) so that the level of CO2 emission reduction is maximum of 52,7%, the level of CO emission reduction is 82.23%, and the level of HC emission reduction is 74,08%. The form of catalytic converter with plate variation 6 (six), the maximum CO 2 emission reduction level is 29,56%, the level of CO emission reduction is 49.32%, and the level of HC emission reduction is 82,92%. (2) By using catalytic converters with plate variation 8 (eight) to produce power of 8.045 hp and torque of 8,833 n / m and for catalytic converters with plate variation 6 (six) producing power of 7.661 hp and torque of 8.493 n / m. PENDAHULUANPertumbuhan kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia yang terus meningkat telah menyebabkan persoalan serius dalam hal peningkatan pencemaran udara. Hal ini disebabkan karena tidak sebandingnya angka pertumbuhan jalan yang hanya 2 per tahun jauh sekali dengan angka pertumbuhan kendaraan bermotor yang telah mencapai 20 per tahun. Pertumbuhan tersebut jelas akan membawa pengaruh meningkatnya pemakaian Bahan Bakar Minyak dan dengan sendirinya polusi udara akibat dari emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor menjadi tidak dapat terelakkan lagi.Meningkatnya jumlah kendaraan bermotor setiap tahun berdampak terhadap peningkatan gas buang, sehingga menghasilkan banyak polusi udara. Gas buang yang dihasilkan dari jutaan knalpot akan mengakibatkan berkurangnya kualitas udara dan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan kendaraan yang ramah lingkungan dengan cara meminimalkan kandungan CO dan HC pada emisi gas buang kendaraan salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk mereduksi emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor yaitu dengan penambahan catalytic converter pada saluran buang kendaraan.Dari data badan pusat statistik perkembangan jumlah kendaraan selalu menigkat setiap tahunnya, pada tahun 2013 jumlah kendaraan di indonesia sebanyak 104.118.969 unit dan jenis kendaraan yang paling banyak yaitu sepeda motor dengan 84.732.652 unit. Dari data tersebut maka potensi yang
This study aims to determine the effect of the use of laban charcoal on the effectiveness of biogas purification & Performance Generator-Set. This research is conducted by biogas flowing from Sanitary Landfill to biogas purification insulator containing adsorption media in the form of charcoal which has been activated physics with temperature variation of 550 o C, 650 o C and 750 o C with 1 hour time, then biogas is stored in storage tube and then tested with biogas to Chamber for the reading of carbon dioxide and methane levels using Gas Analyzer. The result of carbon dioxide 2808,61 ppm and methane 40,51 ppm without purification after purified by using the best adsorption media of laban charcoal was found at 750 o C carbon dioxide 2026,55 ppm and methane 53,94 ppm with effectiveness 27,84 %. The highest biogas purification effectiveness is at 750 o C. The generator-set test with biogas fuel that has been purified charcoal is activated with a temperature of 750 o C. Then it is fed to the storage tube and distributed to the generator-set, taking the data of rotation, temperature, and voltage of each load, the load 0 W, 4445.9 rpm rotation, 113,4 o C, and 240 V (Stable), 350 W, 2344,43 rpm, 118,36 o C, 150-240 V (Not Stable), 650 W, 2185,26 rpm, 136,73oC, 100-200 V (Not Stable).
To find out the best thermal conductivity value on the volume fraction of ironwood polyester filler composite (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) and to determine the effect of the number of voids on the value of the thermal conductivity of the ironwood polyester composite composite (Eusideroxylon Zwageri). This study uses an experimental method by conducting thermal and microstructure conductivity tests to see the many voids that have formed. The object in this study uses ironwood powder. Data analysis techniques in this study used descriptive data analysis which is describing research results graphically in a table. Input parameters in analyzing data include variations in the mixture of ironwood powder and resin (20% -80%, 25%: 75% and 30%: 70%), and 100% resin. The results of the study of the effect of the volume fraction of ironwood polyester composite composites on the value of thermal conductivity decreased with increasing volume of ironwood powder with the smallest thermal conductivity value at 30% volume fraction of ironwood powder : 70% polyester resin matrix that is 0.041 W/moC. The influence of the amount of voids on the thermal conductivity value of ironwood polyester composite composites can be seen that the more voids the smaller the thermal conductivity values. The number of voids along with the increasing volume of ironwood powder.
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