Intensive managing of the pig industry requires the use of specialized high productive breeds of pigs, at the same time demanding the creation of optimal conditions for feeding and retention to show their reproductive capacity, especially at the beginning of their sexual cycle. The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between the reproductive qualities of gilts of different breeds with their hormonal background during the sexual cycle.
The results of research on the features of cyclic lability of homeostasis in gilts are highlighted. In the experiments it has been used gilts of the Red White belted breed of meat pigs at different phases of the reproductive cycle: luteal phase, estrus, on the 15th, 20th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 104th, 113th day of pregnancy and in 12 hours after farrowing. The dynamics of the content of thyroid and steroid hormones, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis were determined in blood serum. It was found out that the amount of steroid hormones in blood of gilts is labile and is determined by the physiological state, namely the onset of estrus, relative to the luteal phase, it is increased the level of thyroxine (30.0 %), triiodothyronine (26.3 %), estradiol-17 β (by 22.8 %, P < 0.01) testosterone (15.2 %), as well as a decrease in progesterone (by 37.2 %). Such changes are accompanied by the acceleration of peroxidation processes, xanthine oxidase activity increases, it is increased the content of diene conjugates (P < 0.05) and TBA-active compounds. This is accompanied by a probable increase in the level of antioxidant protection – the activity of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), vitamin A (P < 0.05) and vitamin E (P < 0.05). During two months of pregnancy, the concentration of thyroxine (P < 0.05), triiodothyronine, progesterone (P < 0.01), testosterone (P < 0.05) and estradiol-17β increases. Such metabolic shifts cause changes in the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the direction of reducing the intensity of peroxidation processes. In gilts before farrow there is a decrease in thyrocoxin, triiodothyronine and progesterone. The intensification of peroxidation was found: the increase in SOD activity (P < 0.05), the dehydroascorbic acid content (P < 0.05), diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes, as well as the decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione and vitamin A (P < 0.05) and vitamin E (P < 0.05). In blood of sows after farrowing, the concentration of thyroxine increases on 1.3 times, triiodothyronine – on 2.7 times, and progesterone and estradiol-17β decreases on 1.8 and 8.7 times, respectively. It was revealed that the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes decreased: DC content by 16.3 % and TBA-active complexes by 13.3%. It was determined that the concentration of ascorbic acid decreased by 32.8 % and vitamin E – 18.9 %.
The aim: To define the degree for glial acidic fibrillary protein expression on the structural components of cerebellum of the rats in health and when rats influenced by the food additives complex. Materials and methods: In order to determine the degree of expression of the immunohistochemical marker GFAP on the structural components of the cerebellum of rats we applied immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical methods in our study. Results: In histological specimens at the end of 1st week of observation in the gray matter of the cerebellum there occurred a gradual increase in 1.16 times of the average number of GFAP-positive cells. At the end of 4th week of the experimental study, the average number of GFAP-positive cells increased accurately (at p<0.05 compared to the control group) in 1.27 times, at the end of 8th week it has increased in 1.99 times, at the end of 12th week in 2.25, and at the end of 16th week in 2.39 times. Conclusions: The outcomes of our study are as follows the increase in the average number of GFAP-positive cells is directly related to the decrease in the average number of major neurons of the gray matter of the brain, while the fluctuations in the average number of astrocytic glia cells represent a compensatory mechanism in the recovery of gray matter neurons of the brain from neural stem cells with the subsequent development of reactive astrogliosis and, thereafter the possible development of neuropathology.
Мікроелементи-лімітуючі мікронутрієнти, перебувають у тісному взаємозв'язку з ензимами, вітамінами та гормонами, обумовлюють метаболічні перетворення, забезпечують формування відтворювальної функції у свиней. Метою досліджень було встановити особливості формування прооксидантно-антиоксидантного гомеостазу в інкубованій спермі кнурівплідників при згодовуванні лактатів мікроелементів. У дослідженні було використано дорослих кнурів-плідників великої білої породи. Тривалість експерименту становила 120 діб, у тому числі: підготовчий-30, основний-60 (згодовування лактатів цинку, магнію, селену, міді і заліза) та заключний-30 діб. В основному періоді досліду раціон тварин контрольної групи залишався без змін, а двох дослідних-з добавкою лактатів цинку, магнію, селену, міді і заліза. Рівень біологічно активних компонентів у раціоні дослідних груп був вищим на 10 % і 20 % порівняно з контрольною групою. Отримані зразки еякулятів інкубували за температур: +38 0 С, +17 0 С та +5 0 С протягом трьох годин.
Досліджено особливості впливу типів вищої нервової діяльності на якість спермопродукції у кнурів-плідників. Використовуючи рухово-харчову методику, було протиповано дорослих кнурів-плідників великої білої породи віком 24-36 місяців за основними типами вищої нервової діяльності. Було сформовано чотири групи по 3 голови в кожній. До I-ї групи було віднесено тварин сильного врівноваженого жвавого (рухливого); II групи – сильного врівноваженого спокійного (інертного); III групи – сильного неврівноваженого (нестримного); IV групи – слабкого типів вищої нервової діяльності. Сперму отримували від кнурів-плідників мануально із врахуванням загального часу еякуляції, розділяючи еякулят на 4 фракції – F1 - перша, F2 – друга, F3 – третя, F4 – четверта. Виявлено, що швидкість статевих рефлексів у кнурів-плідників залежить від типу вищої нервової діяльності. Так, час еякуляції у особин сильного нестримного, слабкого та сильного інертного типів є вірогідно меншим (р<0,001), порівняно із тваринами сильного врівноваженого жвавого типів вищої нервової діяльності. Встановлено, що максимальною масою еякулятів характеризуються кнури-плідники сильного врівноваженого жвавого типу, а мінімальною – слабкого типу (р<0,001). Найбільш насиченими сперміями були еякуляти у тварин сильного врівноваженого живого та сильного неврівноваженого нестримного, найменш – сильного врівноваженого спокійного і слабкого типів вищої нервової діяльності. У другій фракції сперми кнурів-плідників рухливість сперміїв є найбільшою. Максимальною функціональною активністю цих гамет характеризувались тварини сильного врівноваженого живого типу, а мінімальною – слабкого (р<0,001). Спермії четвертої фракції мали найнижчу рухливість, особливо у тварин сильного врівноваженого жвавого типу. Спермії другої фракції сперми характеризуються найвищою життєздатністю, а найменшою - четвертої. У третій фракції сперми спермії більш швидко втрачають функціональну активність, особливо у тварин сильного врівноваженого жвавого і сильного врівноваженого спокійного типів вищої нервової діяльності, відповідно на 22,8% та 17%.
The peculiarities of formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAG) in boars of different types of higher nervous activity have been studied. Using motor-nutritional techniques, it has been opposed adult boars of the Large White breed aged 24–36 months according to the main types of higher nervous activity (HNA). Four groups of 3 heads each were formed. The first group includes animals of a strong balanced lively (mobile) type; group II includes a strong balanced calm (inert) type; group III includes a strong unbalanced (unrestrained) type; group IV includes a weak type of higher nervous activity. Sperm was received from boars manually, taking into account the total time of ejaculation, dividing the ejaculate into 4 fractions – F1 – the first, F2 – the second, F3 – the third, F4 – the fourth. PAGs in blood and ejaculates of boars were evaluated by the intensity of peroxidation processes (xanthine oxidase, diene conjugates, TBA-active compounds) and antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E). Sperm contained higher amounts of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes (P < 0.05) compared to blood. The second tissue relative to the first one is characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defense: catalase activity, concentration of ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E. The process of PAG formation in the tissues of boars depends on the type of higher nervous activity (HNA). Thus, in individuals of a strong balanced lively and calm type, the course of peroxidation processes is somewhat slower because of a lower concentration of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes. It was determined the fact that in blood and sperm of boars of strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA the course of peroxidation is more intense, the antioxidant defense system is at a lower level that is connected with less superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.05), concentration of ascorbic acid (P < 0.001), vitamin A (P < 0.01–0.001), and vitamin E (P < 0.001). In the second and third fractions of ejaculate of boars, the PAG is shifted in the direction of probable acceleration of peroxidation processes, especially in strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA because of a higher concentration of diene conjugates, dehydroascorbic acid. Animals of a strong balanced lively and calm types of HNA are characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defence – catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and vitamin E. In the first and fourth fractions of ejaculate, peroxidation processes are slower and there is no superoxide dismutase activity and the amount of vitamin A and vitamin E.
The use of chelated compounds of trace elements as an alternative to mineral salts can increase their conversion, reduce the content in feed and prevent environmental pollution. However, it remains relevant to study the effect of these substances on the reproductive capacity of pigs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAH) on the functional activity of sperm of boars in the correction of mineral nutrition. The study used adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory - 30, basic - 60 (feeding lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron) and final - 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and two experimental were with the addition of lactates Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10% and 20% compared with the control group. In the obtained blood samples it was determined the state of PAG. The functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa at 170C after 3 hours of incubation was determined by their activity and survival by testing for heat resistance, heat stress resistance, the number of anomalies and the integrity of acrosomes. It was found that the introduction of lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of PAG in blood depending on the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% above the norm after 60 days of feeding helps to preserve the content of antioxidant vitamins, reduced glutathione, stimulates the functional activity of superoxide dismutase by 50% and catalase by 23.6% and is accompanied by a slight decrease in peroxidation processes. conjugates and TBC-active complexes. The addition of lactates of micronutrients to the feed mixture is by 20% more than norma for boars, compared with the control group, after 30 days of use stimulates peroxidation, accompanied by intensive use of non-enzymatic - vitamin A (p <0,05-0,01) and activation of enzymatic antioxidants - superoxide dismutase (p <0.05-0.01) and catalase, which lasts for 90 days. The viability of sperm is significantly correlated with the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% more than normal after 60 days of feeding helps to increase the functional activity of sperm for 3 hours at a temperature of 170C storage, heat resistance (p <0.05), heat stress resistance, increases their ability to fertilize. The addition of lactates of micronutrients in the feed mixture is by 20% more than the norm for boars in comparison with the control group after two months of feeding increases the number of pathological forms of sperm (p <0,005), acrosome damage (p <0,05), reduces heat resistance and heat stress resistance of sperm <0.05), which reduces their fertility. It was found the fact that the processes of peroxidation in blood of boars are significantly interrelated with the functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa. The content of primary and secondary peroxidation products significantly correlates with the fertilizing ability of sperm in the range of r = 0.95… 0.99. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase are significantly interrelated with the fertilizing ability of sperm: in animals of the second group, the correlation coefficients were respectively r = 0.98 and r = 0.97, the third - r = 0.12 and r = 0.96, the first - r = - 0.58 and r = 0.80.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.