The authors presented the results of a comparative productivity study of maize hybrids Obsky 140 SV and Kubansky 101 SV. The experiment consisted of the following variants: preemergence + preemergence harrowing (B1 + B2), first and second inter-row cultivation (M1 + M2), herbicide Lazurit (treated in phase 7-9 of maize leaves against dicotyledonous weeds) at the dose of 0.7 l of preparation for 300 l water, working fluid consumption - 300 l/ha based on the recommendations for using Lazurit. The authors also identified the patterns of forage grain yield formation depending on the studied care methods. According to the results of their research, the authors found that the grain yield of the ultra-early maturing hybrid Kubansky 101 CB was 1.7- 3.1 times higher than that of the early maturing hybrid Obsky 140 CB when cultivating different maize hybrids in years with insufficient heat supply (2014) under the same methods of care. Under 2017 conditions with good heat supply, the grain yield of hybrid Obsky 140 SV was 15% higher than that of hybrid Kubansky 101 SV. On average in 3 years hybrid Obsky 140 SV grain yield was more responsive to tending, especially the complex of mechanized treatments (B1B2 + M1M2), where 67.5 c/ha of forage grain was obtained. The use of herbicide Lazurit ensured the lowest grain yield among the variants - 50.4 c/ha for hybrid Kubansky 101 SV and 62.8 c/ha for Ob 140 SV. Mechanical treatments (two harrowing and two inter-row cultivations) and a combination of pre-emergence harrowing, herbicide and inter-row cultivation ensured the highest grain yield in both hybrids: Kubansky 101 CB - 61.9, Obsky 140 CB – 70.3 c/ha.
The features of the seasonal dynamics of the species composition, the total projective cover, the ecomorphic structure and the decorative score of the lawn coverings of the city of Nikopol are studied. It was revealed that during the growing season, representatives of the Poaceae family dominate in the projective cover and species composition of grass communities in urban areas. In spring, the participation of Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae is increased, in summer and autumn – Fabaceae and Asteraceae. A study of the dynamics of the species composition showed that Poa angustifolia L. and Polygonum aviculare L. dominate in the majority of Nikopol's lawns in spring. In summer, Lolium perenne L. and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. are added to them. In autumn, the most active are Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis L. Analysis of the seasonal dynamics of the total projective coverage of test areas showed that the average values of this indicator are observed at the beginning of the growing season. In summer, the total area of the green parts of the plants is reduced. At the end of the growing season, due to the increase in productive soil moisture, the photosynthetically active plant area increases significantly in areas with low anthropogenic impact, remains at summer levels in places of medium anthropogenic loading and significantly decreases in areas with high anthropogenic load. In the species composition, throughout the entire growing season in the biomorph spectrum, hemicryptophytes are the most active, among ecomorphs are xeromesophytes, mesotrophs, ruderants and stepants. Decorativeness is quite low, on a five-point scale, ranges from 2.23 to 3.49, due to the presence of weeds and high anthropogenic stress. In order to improve the decorative, phytomeliorative and hygienic properties of the grass cover, it is advisable to recommend systematic grass cutting (to reduce the activity of annual weeds), as well as the spread of perennial forest and meadow species.
The value of lawns shows up completer in all, when they occupy 40 – 90 % of the areas of green plantations. However in industrial cities their part is less, they have the mainly unsatisfactory state, contain the ruderal species. Therefore an ecological ground of creation of proof lawn phytocenosis in cities with high technogenic pressure, and also development of research and practice measures of their arrangement in the conditions of certain anthropogenic landscape taking into account the ecologic and biologic features of turf-forming species and terms of the urbanized environment is the scientific issue. The aim of our research is: on the basis of ecologo-phytocenotic researches to set the phytocenotic features of lawns and coverage of lawn type of the urbanized ecosystems on the example of Nikopol for development of ecological bases of creation of proof cenosis in municipal habits and decision of questions of optimization of environment. The trial areas under study were located among grasses of grass type and ornamental lawns in the city of Nikopol. The administrative and residential areas of the city were covered. In total, thirty test sites of size 1m2 (metrics) were described, divided into 120 areas of size 0,0625 m2. Characteristics were studied on each test area: illumination, species composition, percentage of projective coverage of each species found, percentage of free plant area. In the 30 trial sites covered by our research, 44 species of plants belonging to 15 families were identified. Species saturation of investigated test areas (1m2) varied from 10 to 17 species. Among the families, the primacy of the species composition was occupied by Asteraceae and Poaceae.Taking into account the instructions of V.V. Tarasov, the spectrum of the first percentages of the occurrence of families reproduces the composition of the regional flora with the dominance of cereals and herbs. The analysis of herbaceous vegetation was carried out taking into account the prevalence (in the event of a species) and the quantitative role in the formation of grass (projective coverage). This made it possible to find out the potentialities of species in a certain growth area, that is, competing ability.The triumphal triumph in the whole spectrum of the species we found among the grasses are Trifolium repens L. (occurrence of 93%), Polygonum aviculare L. (90 %), Taraxacum officinale Webb. ex Wigg. (83 %), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (80 %), Achillea submillefolium Klok. et Krytska (70 %), Convolvulus arvensis L. (70 %) etc. These are representatives of weed vegetation, for the most part – ruderal species, and even those that are quarantine and undesirable for urban lawn phytocoenoses.Of the Poaceae family, Poa angustifolia L. (87%), Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevsky (77%), Lolium perenne L. (70%) have high incidence. The indicated plants are representatives of both steppe flora, and ray and even forest, which speaks of a wide range of ecological conditions of location among studied lawn phytocoenoses. Typical species that are able to form the most decorative grass cover (according to the classification of O. Laptev) are represented by the species Poa angustifolia, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis L., Festuca valesiaca Gaud. Their prevalence in the herb is quite variable: from the presence on most of the test areas - Poa angustifolia, to those who met quite rarely – Festuca valesiaca.Most of the investigated test areas form a thin-grasshopper and pyrite-grass-mixed grass group, which corresponds to the specific structure of meadow lawns and conventional urban grasslands. The ecological and phytocenotic composition of the investigated vegetation groups of the lawn type reflects the system formed by certain representatives that make up the botanical and ecological basis for the creation of stable long-lived grass coverings in the urban agglomeration of the steppe zone, is an objective benchmark for targeting the corresponding phytocoenic processes in the desired direction.Correlations analysis of projective coatings was performed to find out the relationship between Ambrosia artemisiifolia and other representatives of the lawn flora. The calculation is based on data from the area of 0.25m2 (120 sites). The obtained materials allowed to reveal a mutual correlation of quantitative indicators with a high degree of statistical probability. Thus, a probable negative correlation between the parameters of the projective cover of the plants of the family Fabaceae and Ambrosia artemisiifolia was found.
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