The paper presents the results of studies on the cultivation of maise in joint crops with soybean in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in 2003-2005. The authors studied plant height and dynamics of green mass yield of maise and soybean. As a result of recording plant height, the authors observed that corn hybrid Ob 150 CB by 25-30 cm and corn hybrid Krasnodar 382 MB by 35-47 cm were higher in single-seeded crops by harvest than in joint crops, indicating the negative impact of soybeans on corn. The maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB reacted more strongly to the depress- ing effect of soybean than the hybrid Obskiy 150 SV in terms of plant height. This comparison was especially noticeable when it was cultivated in joint crops with the early-ripening soybean variety SibNIIK-315. In the early stages of development, the height of soybean plants in single-species and different variants of common crops did not practically differ. However, starting from the phase of fruit formation, the authors observed a decrease in the height of soybean plants in the row with maise and its increase in the intercropping. By harvesting, the difference between the height of soybean plants of the variety October 70 in the row and across the row was on average 11-24 cm. At the same time, the soybean plants of the variety October 70 were lower in the row with maise and higher in the row spacing than in the single-seeded crop. The height of the plants proves not only the principle of competitiveness but also the effect of the high range of tiering, which forces the legume component to reach for the light. In a mixture with the late-ripening maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB, the early-ripening soybean variety contributed to a more significant decrease in the green mass yield of maise than the late-ripening soybean variety October 70. Harvesting, conducted on 2-6 September, showed that joint crops of maise, regardless of early maturity, provided a green matter yield of 23.7-40.1 t/ha. This yield was 49% and 14% lower than in the single-species crops of early maturing hybrid maise Ob 150 CB and 2-3 times lower than the mid-season hybrid Krasnodar 382 MV. The nature of the interspecific relationships indicates a more significant negative impact of early maturing soybean variety SibNIIK-315 on the productivity of maise and especially the medium-maturing hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MV, where the differences with the single-species sowing showed the most significant value – 51 %.
The authors presented the results of a comparative productivity study of maize hybrids Obsky 140 SV and Kubansky 101 SV. The experiment consisted of the following variants: preemergence + preemergence harrowing (B1 + B2), first and second inter-row cultivation (M1 + M2), herbicide Lazurit (treated in phase 7-9 of maize leaves against dicotyledonous weeds) at the dose of 0.7 l of preparation for 300 l water, working fluid consumption - 300 l/ha based on the recommendations for using Lazurit. The authors also identified the patterns of forage grain yield formation depending on the studied care methods. According to the results of their research, the authors found that the grain yield of the ultra-early maturing hybrid Kubansky 101 CB was 1.7- 3.1 times higher than that of the early maturing hybrid Obsky 140 CB when cultivating different maize hybrids in years with insufficient heat supply (2014) under the same methods of care. Under 2017 conditions with good heat supply, the grain yield of hybrid Obsky 140 SV was 15% higher than that of hybrid Kubansky 101 SV. On average in 3 years hybrid Obsky 140 SV grain yield was more responsive to tending, especially the complex of mechanized treatments (B1B2 + M1M2), where 67.5 c/ha of forage grain was obtained. The use of herbicide Lazurit ensured the lowest grain yield among the variants - 50.4 c/ha for hybrid Kubansky 101 SV and 62.8 c/ha for Ob 140 SV. Mechanical treatments (two harrowing and two inter-row cultivations) and a combination of pre-emergence harrowing, herbicide and inter-row cultivation ensured the highest grain yield in both hybrids: Kubansky 101 CB - 61.9, Obsky 140 CB – 70.3 c/ha.
В статье представлены результаты исследований в 20142016 годах по возделыванию суданской травы в совместных посевах с многолетними бобовыми травами (клевером, люцерной, эспарцетом) в условиях лесостепной зоны Западной Сибири. Установлено существенное угнетающее влияние изученных многолетних трав на рост и развитие суданской травы. Так, 18 июля высота суданской травы в одновидовых посевах составляла 83 см, в совместных от 15 до 64 см. Доля суданской травы в общей сухой массе совместных посевов в этот период не превышала 13. Проведение подкашивания улучшило условия произрастания суданской травы, особенно в вариантах с врезанием суданской травы в рядовые посевы люцерны. В результате к уборке (1 сентября) высота суданской травы в этих вариантах была на 35 см выше по сравнению с фоном без подкашивания, и её доля в посевах с люцерной составила 58 по зелёной массе. Также установлено, что максимальная урожайность в совместных посевах суданской травы с многолетними травами была сформирована в вариантах суданской травы с люцерной: до 17,7 т/га зелёной и 6,0 т/га сухой массы. Посевы с клевером и эспарцетом показали более низкую урожайность: в пределах 14,715,4 т/га зелёной и 5,225,09 т/га сухой массы. При черезрядном размещении (70 и 35 см) суданской травы с бобовыми культурами наблюдалось снижение сбора биомассы в среднем на 2,6 т/га по сравнению с рядовым посевом этих культур в связи с уменьшением доли многолетних трав. Подкашивание культур в фазу цветения трав и выхода в трубку суданской травы привело к снижению урожайности всех совместных посевов в среднем на 9 относительно варианта без подкашивания. Обеспеченность кормовой единицы переваримым протеином сырья из смешанных посевов суданской травы с многолетними культурами была выше в среднем в 2 раза относительно одновидового посева суданской травы. Experiments on combined seeding of Sudan grass with perennial legumes (clover, alfalfa, sainfoin) took place in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 20142016. Legumes significantly suppressed Sudan grass growth and development. Its height reached only 1564 cm by 18.07. compared to 83 cm when seeding as monoculture. Sudan grass ratio amounted to 13 in total dry mass. Grass topping improved Sudan grass performance, particularly in mixtures with alfalfa. As a result, Sudan grass height increased by 35 cm by 01.09. and its proportion achieved 58 in green mass. Sudan grassalfalfa mixtures provided the highest yield: up to 17.7 and 6.0 t ha-1 of green and dry mass, respectively. Seeded with clover and sainfoin Sudan grass performed worse, yielding 14.715.4 and 5.225.09 t ha-1 of green and dry mass, respectively. Skip-row planting pattern (70 and 35 cm) reduced biomass yield of Sudan grass and legumes by 2.6 t ha-1, compared to line seeding due to lower fraction of legumes. Plant topping at flowering and shooting stages reduced crop yield by 9. Sudan grass mixtures with perennial crops produced twice more protein per feed unit compared to Sudan grass monoculture.
Первоочередной задачей в развитии животноводства, увеличении его продуктивности и снижении себестоимости продуктов питания является прочная кормовая база, позволяющая при любых погодных условиях получать разнообразные и качественные корма в достаточном количестве.Силос из-за простоты приготовления и хранения -наиболее распространенный вид корма в зимне-стойловый период. В Западной Сибири до настоящего времени основ-
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