The paper presents the results of studies on the cultivation of maise in joint crops with soybean in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in 2003-2005. The authors studied plant height and dynamics of green mass yield of maise and soybean. As a result of recording plant height, the authors observed that corn hybrid Ob 150 CB by 25-30 cm and corn hybrid Krasnodar 382 MB by 35-47 cm were higher in single-seeded crops by harvest than in joint crops, indicating the negative impact of soybeans on corn. The maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB reacted more strongly to the depress- ing effect of soybean than the hybrid Obskiy 150 SV in terms of plant height. This comparison was especially noticeable when it was cultivated in joint crops with the early-ripening soybean variety SibNIIK-315. In the early stages of development, the height of soybean plants in single-species and different variants of common crops did not practically differ. However, starting from the phase of fruit formation, the authors observed a decrease in the height of soybean plants in the row with maise and its increase in the intercropping. By harvesting, the difference between the height of soybean plants of the variety October 70 in the row and across the row was on average 11-24 cm. At the same time, the soybean plants of the variety October 70 were lower in the row with maise and higher in the row spacing than in the single-seeded crop. The height of the plants proves not only the principle of competitiveness but also the effect of the high range of tiering, which forces the legume component to reach for the light. In a mixture with the late-ripening maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB, the early-ripening soybean variety contributed to a more significant decrease in the green mass yield of maise than the late-ripening soybean variety October 70. Harvesting, conducted on 2-6 September, showed that joint crops of maise, regardless of early maturity, provided a green matter yield of 23.7-40.1 t/ha. This yield was 49% and 14% lower than in the single-species crops of early maturing hybrid maise Ob 150 CB and 2-3 times lower than the mid-season hybrid Krasnodar 382 MV. The nature of the interspecific relationships indicates a more significant negative impact of early maturing soybean variety SibNIIK-315 on the productivity of maise and especially the medium-maturing hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MV, where the differences with the single-species sowing showed the most significant value – 51 %.
The urgency of introduction of a new fodder crop, Festulolium, into the agricultural production of Western Siberia is substantiated. Festulolium (Festulolium Aschers F.. et Graebn.) is a new fodder crop in domestic feed production developed in the All Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute. It was obtained by hybridization with the genera Festuca – fescue, and Lolium – ryegrass. The external characteristics of the new crop are given. On the basis of the literature data, the main morphotypes of Festulolium are analyzed and identified. They are the morphotypes of Italian ryegrass, pasture ryegrass, reed fescue and meadow fescue. Fescueryegrass hybrid (Festulolium) is currently a valuable fodder crop, which, when harvested for feed in the early phases of vegetation, is characterized by a high content of exchange energy, protein and fat in the green mass. Good leafiness of this crop ensures high nutritional value of the feed. In 1 kg of dry matter, Festulolium contains 0.82 feed units, 12-18% crude protein, as well as all the necessary amino acids. Water-soluble carbohydrates are mainly fructose. High efficiency of cultivated pastures on the basis of Festulolium is noted. Festulolium in mixtures with red clover provides up to 7.2 t/ha of dry matter and the collection of protein up to 1.27 t/ha. For early green feed in the pasture conveyor system, the use of Festulolium also proved to be effective. Festulolium is well ensilaged, the feed from this crop can be successfully used in diets of all animal groups. The energy value of properly prepared feed from Festulolium is 10.1 to 10.7 MJ of metabolizable energy in 1 kg of dry matter. Feed prepared from Festulolium has a high coefficient of digestibility.
The article provides information of the research in the following areas: economics and land relations, agriculture, plant growing and breeding, feed production, livestock technology, veterinary medicine, mechanization, automation and electrification, processing and storage of agricultural products. As a result of the state assignment, Siberian scientists have developed: “A strategy for the socio-economic development of the agro-industrial complex of the Siberian federal district in the context of globalization and integration”, “Methodology and methods for assessing the ecological-resource potential of agricultural landscapes”, methods for the effective use of nitrogen fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat in traditional minimum and no-till technologies, “Guidelines for the restoration of highly degraded, deserted arable land of the arid zone of Central Siberia”, “Technology creating hayfields from annual leguminous and grain grass mixtures ”. More than 10 new crop varieties have been entered into the State Register of Protected Breeding Achievements. Patents for breeding achievements have been received: Siberian livestock (Sibiriachka) and Altai-Ussuri breed of sika deer (Cervus nippon). In the field of veterinary medicine, a diagnostic PCR test system was developed for detecting the DNA of microorganisms Listeria monocytogenes, a computer program "Assessing the relationship of solar activity with animal morbidity indicators", "A system of measures for the prevention and control of brucellosis in farm animals in the Republic of Tyva." In the field of storage and processing of agricultural products, a recipe for raw cakes using vegetable raw materials and a recipe for sauce of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) have been proposed.
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