What do we know about the sporting experiences of gender and sexual minority athletes and coaches? A scoping review

Kavoura, Anna; Kokkonen, Marja

doi:10.1080/1750984x.2020.1723123

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The findings by researchers using quantitative methods reflect and are consistent with a rich and detailed range of recent studies by researchers who have examined homophobia, transphobia, and the discrimination experienced by LGBTQ+ people in sport from a qualitative perspective (Caudwell, 2011(Caudwell, , 2014Greenspan, Griffith, Hayes, et al, 2019;Hargie, Mitchell, & Somerville, 2017;Petty & Trussell, 2018;Sartore-Baldwin, 2012). This is further illustrated by consistency with the findings of researchers who have reviewed and synthesised the available qualitative evidence (Kavoura & Kokkonen, 2020;Landi, Flory, Safron, & Marttinen, 2020;Perez-Samaniego, Fuentes-Miguel, Pereira-García, López-Cañada, & Devís-Devís, 2019).…”

Section: Experiences Of Lgbtq+ People In Sportsupporting

confidence: 82%

Reviewing evidence of LGBTQ+ discrimination and exclusion in sport

Denison

Bevan

Jeanes

2020

Sport Management Review

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Sport organisations continue to place a low priority on addressing the exclusion and discrimination experienced by LGBTQ+ people (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, questioning/queer, and sexual/gender diverse). It was previously thought this was due to a lack of quantitative evidence of a problem; however, over the past decade, a large body of quantitative research has been conducted, including two international studies, providing strong evidence that discriminatory behaviour remains common in sport and is harmful to this population. In this paper, the authors summarise existing quantitative evidence and consider why sport organisations continue to be slow to address LGBTQ+ exclusion. They argue sport management scholars are in a unique and privileged position to address current resistance to action and drive change through conducting research aimed at identifying pragmatic, practical approaches to end harmful discriminatory behaviours. Finally, the authors describe why such research has the potential to mitigate harm while also advancing the discipline in ways described as being needed by leading scholars.

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Section: Experiences Of Lgbtq+ People In Sportsupporting

confidence: 82%

Reviewing evidence of LGBTQ+ discrimination and exclusion in sport

Denison

Bevan

Jeanes

2020

Sport Management Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The full text of all the selected articles was read. In line with previous scoping reviews (e.g., Lines et al, 2018 ; Kavoura and Kokkonen, 2020 ), thematic categories were developed, to answer the research question of this review. In this process, the authors followed an inductive and deductive approach of categorizing, inspired by Qualitative Content Analysis (Mayring, 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence and the Coach–Athlete Relationship—a Scoping Review From Sport Sociological and Sport Psychological Perspectives

Gaedicke

Schäfer

Hoffmann

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Sexual violence against athletes in elite and leisure sport has become of growing interest in recent years. In line with social media initiatives such as #SportToo and #CoachDontTouchMe and a rise in general media coverage, research in this field indicates an urgent need for action. These recent developments occasionally have led to no-touch policies, which may result in moral panic, uncertainty, and fear of unjustified suspicion among coaches. However, the role of closeness and distance in the development of sexual violence within the coach–athlete relationship has not yet been researched systematically. In this scoping review, the authors focus on the coach–athlete relationship, particularly its predispositions to sexual violence and how to prevent abusive relationships. Some characteristics typical of elite sport may predispose coaches to commit abuse, such as gender and power relations, the need for physical touch, hierarchical structures in sport, and trust and closeness between coaches and athletes. This scoping review follows an interdisciplinary approach combining sociological and psychological perspectives. It comprises 25 publications in English and German published from 2000 to 2019. The literature review highlights that closeness, power, blurred boundaries, and ambiguous roles are areas that seem to be crucial to the analysis of the coach–athlete relationship from both sociological and psychological perspectives.

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“…For some time now, transgender issues have been discussed in Anglophone research, mostly under the LGBT(IQ) umbrella (Kavoura and Kokkonen, 2020). This approach of lumping transgender athletes together with other sexual minorities has been questioned, because these groups face different challenges and prejudices in sports (Lucas-Carr and Krane, 2011;Cunningham and Pickett, 2018;Semerjian, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Identities in Organized Sports—Athletes' Experiences and Organizational Strategies of Inclusion

2020

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In relation to conceptualizing sports, beliefs about sex binary and male hegemony are dominant. To match these assumptions and provide level playing fields, sport systems are based on sex-segregation. Thus, people who do not fit into or reject fitting into sex categories are hindered from participating in sports, particularly organized sports. Studies on social exclusion of gender-identity minorities in sports mainly adopt a qualitative approach and focus on Anglophone countries. This research is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the experiences of LGBT+ athletes in organized sports settings in Europe and is based on a quantitative online survey (n = 2,282). The current paper draws special attention to differences between cisgender and non-cisgender athletes (including transgender men, transgender women, non-binary, and non-identifying individuals). Besides athletes' experiences, organizational strategies of inclusion, derived from qualitative interviews with stakeholders from sport systems in five European countries (Germany, Scotland, Austria, Italy, and Hungary) are examined. Theoretically anchored in Cunningham's (2012) multilevel model for understanding the experiences of LGBT+ individuals and Meyer's (2003) minority stress model, the paper aims to (1) analyze the assessment of transnegativity and (2) examine negative experiences (prevalence, forms, perpetrators) of LGBT+ athletes from organized sport contexts in Europe; and (3) discuss inclusive strategies in sports organizations in Europe. Data reveal that transnegativity is perceived as a major problem in European sports, and non-cisgender athletes are the most vulnerable group, suffering particularly from structural discrimination. The implementation of inclusive strategies for non-cisgender athletes is perceived as a complex and essential task, but the sports organizations in the five countries differ substantially in terms of the status of implementation.

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What do we know about the sporting experiences of gender and sexual minority athletes and coaches? A scoping review

Cited by 37 publications

References 86 publications

Reviewing evidence of LGBTQ+ discrimination and exclusion in sport

Reviewing evidence of LGBTQ+ discrimination and exclusion in sport

Sexual Violence and the Coach–Athlete Relationship—a Scoping Review From Sport Sociological and Sport Psychological Perspectives

Gender Identities in Organized Sports—Athletes' Experiences and Organizational Strategies of Inclusion

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