Triagem de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em instituições de educação infantil segundo o Teste de Denver II

Abstract

. En las áreas de lenguaje y personal-social, los niños obtuvieron los peores resultados, y en la de motriz gruesa los mejores. Se levanta como hipótesis: los resultados de lenguaje y personal-social fueron perjudicados por las condiciones de los jardines infantiles (escolaridad de las educadoras y el tamaño de los grupos infantiles), y tal vez por la situación familiar. En cuanto al área motriz, se ve a los niños, mismo siendo pequeños, jugando en las calles. Estas hipótesis precisan ser comprobadas por nuevas pesquisas.To develop is an important right that any child has and occurs according the relationship between genetic background and environment. Following this statement, a screening of development was done in 66 children (37 boys and 29 girls) between 2 and 3 years' old who attended 4 public day-care centers in the city of Sao Paulo. The Denver II Development Selection Test was used. The better part of the sample (62.74%) earns up to 0.5 MS (minimum salary) per capita per month. The adequacies for each development area were: personal-social(N=54; 81.8%), fine engine (N=53; 80.3%), rough engine (N=53; 8.3%) and language (N=49; 72.4%).In the language and personal-social areas the children attained the worst results, and in the rough engine the best. It is hypothesized: the language and personal-social language were prejudiced by the day-care centers' conditions (educators' schooling and the children's groups' sizes) and maybe by the familiar situation. As to the motor area, one can see children, even though small, playing in streets. The hypotheses must be proven with new researches.

Triagem do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças brasileiras: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

“…Typical children all over the country who were assessed in daycare and preschool contexts showed percentages of suspicion of delay ranging from zero to 46.3% 4,10,11,19,[21][22][23][24] . The area of language had the highest percentages of suspicion or delay 4,10,15,19,23,24 , and the ones with the lowest values were the personalsocial 11,10,15,23 and gross motor skills 22 areas. Moreover, male preschoolers aged above the median of the other students evaluated obtained slightly inferior NPMD 11 .…”

Aspectos éticos e estratégias para a participação voluntária da criança em pesquisa

“…Aiming to reduce potential situations of embarrassment and emotional insecurity, data should be collected in the child's familiar environment such as day care, school or home, if possible (13)(14)(15)(16) . Offering appropriate toys can also reduce the procedure's potentially frightening character (13) .…”

“…Agreement or refusal of a child to participate in an interview or procedure depends on the circumstances. Oftentimes, the refusal is temporary and can be reversed as the child perceives she/he is respected and acquires a broader understanding of the situation, feeling more confident to participate (13)(14)(15) . However, the persistent refusal of a child should be considered an ethical impediment in the context of research.…”

“…The time spent, which seems excessive in the beginning of a study with children, becomes a benefit for the researcher since the adoption of appropriate procedures is the only way to create trust and the possibility of participation and also because it enhances the child's commitment in later stages of the research (13)(14)(15) .…”

“…For instance, in assessing development or visual acuity, it is necessary to frequently interrupt procedures due to a child's tiredness, lack of attention or interest (14)(15) . These interruptions occur because children perceive the time necessary to perform activities as too long and the researcher needs to start again several times until the completion of data collection.…”