Transdermal delivery by iontophoresis

Rawat, Swati; Vengurlekar, Sudha; Rakesh, B; Jain, Sanjay; Srikarti, G

doi:10.4103/0250-474x.40324

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Charged molecules (up to 12 kDa) are driven by an electric field and take the path of least resistance, such as through hair follicles. [116–117, 119] Charge-neutral molecules can be moved by the electroosmotic flow of water (or other bulk solvent) in the presence of electrolytes. [116–117, 119, 154] Iontophoresis enables dosing controllable by adjusting the electric current.…”

Section: Transdermal Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting Drugs Across Biological Barriers

et al. 2017

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The delivery of drugs to a target site frequently involves crossing biological barriers. The degree and nature of the impediment to flux, as well as the potential approaches to overcoming it, depend on the tissue, the drug, and numerous other factors. Here we present an overview of approaches that have been taken to crossing biological barriers, with special attention to transdermal drug delivery. Technology and knowledge pertaining to addressing these issues in a variety of organs could have a significant clinical impact.

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Section: Transdermal Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting Drugs Across Biological Barriers

et al. 2017

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“…metoprolol, butyrate, diclofenac sodium, rotigotine, atenolol and ketorolac. All these drugs showed a proportional increase in flux with an increase in concentration (Rawat et al, 2008).…”

Section: Drug Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride using combination of nano-ethosomes and iontophoresis:in vitroandin vivostudy

et al. 2015

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This study aimed to evaluate transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride using the combination of ethosomes as an encapsulating vesicle and iontophoresis. Ethosomes were prepared and evaluated in terms of electrochemical stability. Cathodal iontophoresis of negatively charged ethosomes and anodal iontophoresis of free drug solution and positively charged vesicles were conducted. The effect of current mode, density, concentration of drug and ionic strength was studied. In vivo study was performed by inducing mediastinitis in Sprague-Dawley rats using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as infected pathogen, the mean bacterial count was compared between groups of rats, one of the treated groups received drug intramuscularly while the other group received vancomycin using iontophoretic delivery of optimized ethosomal formula. Ethosomes showed efficient electrochemical stability, cathodal iontophoresis of negatively charged vesicle (F2) showed maximum transdermal flux (550 µg/cm(2)/h) compared to free drug solution and other ethosomal formulae, transdermal flux was reduced by altering current mode from continuous to ON/OFF mode, reducing current density and by using normal saline as drug solvent; on the other hand, flux was potentiated by increasing drug concentration from 25 to 75 mg/ml. In vivo study revealed that there was a significant difference in terms of bacterial count between untreated and treated groups, while there was no statistically significant difference between the I.M. vancomycin treatment and treatment conducted by iontophoretic delivery of vancomycin encapsulated in ethosomal formula. Combination between ethosomes and iontophoresis had succeeded in delivering vancomycin transdermally.

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“…Penetration enhancement employing transdermal iontophoresis is a well-established, widely investigated effective and painless method, delivering medication to a localized tissue by applying electrical current [17,[49][50][51][52]. Drug transport across the skin is enhanced by three mechanisms: (a) charged species are driven primarily by electric repulsion from the driving electrode (b) the flow of electric current may increase the permeability of skin and (c) electroosmosis may affect uncharged molecules [53].…”

Section: Iontophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Physical Approaches for Transdermal Penetration Enhancement

Shaji¹,

Varkey²

2012

CDTH

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Transdermal delivery offers opportunities for inventive, challenging and valuable research with patient benefits. However, the prominent challenge in designing transdermal drug delivery systems is to overcome the natural transport barrier of the skin, the stratum corneum. Several physical and chemical enhancement techniques have been investigated in the last decade to breach the skin barrier and assist the transport of macromolecules across skin. Recent technological advances in this field include novel combination strategies of penetration enhancement techniques, microneedle array designs, needle-free technologies, nanocarriers, metered dose and microstructured transdermal systems. The present review reports on recent advances in physical approaches towards enhanced transdermal penetration. Enhancement strategies comprehensively covered in this review emphasize the significant achievements gained through successful transdermal delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules, vaccines, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, fluorescent dyes and plasmid delivery. Some commercially available technologies for transdermal delivery have also been covered. These novel technologies hold immense potential to advance further into clinical practice and enable better therapeutic applications and prophylactic interventions for various diseases.

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Transdermal delivery by iontophoresis

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Getting Drugs Across Biological Barriers

Getting Drugs Across Biological Barriers

Transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride using combination of nano-ethosomes and iontophoresis:in vitroandin vivostudy

Recent Advances in Physical Approaches for Transdermal Penetration Enhancement

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