THE HIGH DOSE TOXICITY OF BETEL NUT (Areca catechu L.) ON REPRODUCTION ORGAN OF RATS

Abstract

ABSTRACT
 Background : The use of long-term herbal medicines and high doses can damage organs, including the reproductive organs. Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) is one of the herbal ingredients that is consumed as a stamina enhancing beverage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of longterm treatment of raw betel nut at a dose of 10,000 mg/kg on testicular and ovary tissue of rats. Rats were Rattus norvegicus, Sprague Dawley strain, 2-3 months. Methods : Tweenty rats divided into 2 groups, each groups were 5 male and 5 female. Control group was given aquades and the treatment group was given raw betel nut with a dose of 10,000 mg/kgBW for 45 days with a gastrictube. Histopathological examination with Haematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to assses testicular and ovary tissues. Results: The ovaries of treatment groups had significantly lower de graff follicle compared to the control group (p < 0,05). The testis of treatment groups had significantly smaller diameter of tubulus seminifery, significantly higher necrosis of spermatogonia and spermatosit (p<0,05). Conclusion: Treatment of raw betel nut dose 10,000 mg /kgBW along 45 days causes damage of testicular and ovary tissues of rats.Keywords: Betel Nut, Areca Catechu L., Histopathology, Testicular, Ovary, Herbal Toxicity
 
 ABSTRAK
 Latar Belakang: Pemakaian obat herbal jangka panjang dan dosis tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ tubuh, termasuk organ reproduksi. Biji pinang (Areca catechu L.) merupakan salah satu bahan herbal yang dikonsumsi sebagai minuman penambah stamina.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian biji pinang muda dosis 10.000 mg/ kgBB selama 45 hari terhadap gambaran histopatologis testis dan ovarium tikus.
 Metode : Tikus yang digunakan adalah Rattus norvegicus galur Spague Dawley, usia 2-3 bulan, sebanyak 10 ekor jantan dan 10 ekor betina yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan aquades dan kelompok perlakuan diberikan biji pinang dosis 10.000 mg/ kgBB dengan sonde. Pemeriksaan histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Haematoxylin-Eosin untuk organ testis dan organ ovarium. Hasil: Jumlah folikel de draf pada kelompok perlakuan lebih sedikit dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Persentase nekrosis spermatogonia dan spermatosit pada kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05), diameter tubulus seminifeus pada kelompok perlakuan juga lebih kecil dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05).
 Kesimpulan: Pemberian biji pinang 10.000 mg/kgBB selama 45 hari menyebabkan kerusakan pada jaringan testis dan ovarium pada tikus. 
 Kata Kunci : Biji Pinang, Areca Catechu L, Histopatologi, Ovarium, Testis, Toksisitas herbal

Evaluation of the Antifertility Effect and Toxicity of Areca nut as Oral Contraceptive: Study on Male Rats

“…Several studies have shown that areca nuts can cause infertility in animal trials. Administration of high doses of areca nuts can cause motility and morphology disorders of rat spermatozoa or testicular tissue abnormalities (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

“…Kidneys and the liver are organs often used as parameters for assessing toxicity. Several studies show that extract of areca nuts or arecoline also cause damages to other organs, such as the liver and kidneys, especially in long-term administration and high doses (9,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Determination of an effective and safe dose range is needed to develop areca nuts as a candidate for an oral herbal male contraceptive.…”