The effect of interval between harvests and nitrogen application on the proportion and yield of crop fractions and on the digestibility and digestible yield and nitrogen content and yield of two perennial ryegrass varieties in the second harvest year

Abstract

SummaryThe effect of six intervals between harvests and three levels of N application on the dry-matter yield of total herbage, the proportion and yield of green leaf, dead leaf, ‘stem’ and inflorescence of the sown species, the proportion and yield of unsown species, the digestibility and digestible yield and N content and yield was studied in S. 23 and S. 321 perennial ryegrass during a 30-week period in the second harvest year in a field experiment. In S. 23 the ‘stem’ was divided into true stem, leaf sheath, unemerged leaf and unemerged inflorescence.The results supported the main findings from the first harvest year (Wilman et al. 1976a, b).There was marked ingress of unsown species in the second harvest year with 3-, 4- and 5-week intervals in S. 321. The combination of 262–5 or 525 kg N/ha/year and 8- and particularly 10-week intervals over 2 years was too severe a treatment for the satisfactory survival of S. 23. With 525 kg N and 10-week intervals, S. 321 was equally badly affeoted.The application of 525 kg N/ha/year compared with nil reduced the proportion of green leaf in total herbage of the sown species by 11 percentage units, on average, and increased the proportion of ‘stem’ by 12 percentage units, in the second harvest year. The effect of N application on the proportion of crop fractions was found in both varieties and in all months of harvest. The effect was much greater than in the first harvest year. In S. 23 the application of 525 kg N compared with nil in the second harvest year increased the proportions of both true stem and leaf sheath (in total herbage of the sown species), true stem being the more important of the two, in this context, with the longer intervals and leaf sheath being the more important with the short intervals.Digestibility was not in general affected by N application despite the higher proportion of stem and leaf sheath and the lower proportion of green leaf blade resulting from N application. N did, however, tend to reduce digestibility at the harvests at which the proportion of stem was highest.Digestibility varied from one time of the year to another with a constant interval between harvests, but not as much as in the previous year. Lower digestibility of leafy crops in summer and autumn than in April and early May in both years may have been partly due to a higher proportion of dead material.Three periods were distinguished approximately in both years: May-June, July-August, and September-October. Only in the first of these periods was there a substantial increase in yield of digestible organic matter as a result of doubling the interval between harvests. Doubling the interval reduced digestibility in all three periods, but especially at harvests within the second period. Yield response to N was large in the first period, intermediate in the second, and low in the third. Apparent recovery of N was low and N content of herbage unduly high in the third period. N content of herbage was low with the long intervals between harvests at harvests in the first two periods. Applied N increased N content at these harvests and at all other times.

The chemical composition, fermentation profile, and microbial populations in tropical grass silages

“…The concentrations of NDF and ADF indicated that there were no major variations in the fiber contents with higher nitrogen doses. The absence of change in the NDF content due to nitrogen fertilization was also observed by Wilman (1975) and Wilman et al (1976). The similar values of these components with different doses of N suggest that the N mainly favored the tillering of the plant over height growth.…”

“…The maximum NDF was 703.7 g/kg at the dose of 72.35 kg N, and the minimum ADF was 411.7 g/kg at the dose of 39.14 kg N. The fiber content of both silages was close to the values indicated by Santos (2007), who found NDF and ADF values of 640.0 g/kg and 324.0 g/kg and 622.0 g/kg and 407.0 g/kg for the silages of Mombasa grass and signalgrass, respectively. According to Wilman et al (1976), the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the fiber components of the plants is not consistent. There was a lower WSC content in the silages of signalgrass plants fertilized with 60 kg of N, while at the other doses a lower content was observed in the silages of Mombasa grass.…”

Digestion in vitro of Italian and perennial ryegrasses, red clover, white clover and lucerne

“…The annual application of 525 kg ha"' N compared wilh nil increased digestibility slightly with both 48 h and 24 h in liquor. With 48 h in liquor followed by pepsin S23 was rather more digestible than S321 (Wilman et al, 1976a;; with 24 h in liquor followed by pepsin, the trend was in the same direction, but tbe difference was less marked.…”

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

“…Cows received 27 kg OM·d -1 above the cutting height of the motor scythe which was higher than the values used by Delagarde et al [9]. The variations between perennial ryegrass sward treatments according to the level of N fertiliser were as expected [35,45]. For the LN sward, herbage mass per unit area (-0.8 t OM·ha -1 ) and sward height (-83 mm) were lower than for the HN sward.…”

“…Therefore, milk yield response represents an efficiency of utilisation of supplemental energy of 52%. A higher energy uptake may in itself be an explanation for the change in milk yield rather than the protected protein supplement overcoming a protein deficiency in ryegrass [34,45]. Indeed, plasma NEFA and glucose contents might support the suggestion that supplemented cows are probably on a higher plane of nutrition than unsupplemented cows.…”