The Acute Response of the Immune System to Tennis Drills in Adolescent Athletes

Nieman, David C.; Kernodle, Michael W.; Henson, Dru A.; Sonnenfeld, Gerald; Morton, Darla S.

doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.10608923

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, after brisk walking or sports play and drills, blood cortisol and cytokine levels remain close to pre-exercise levels, perturbation of immune cell counts and function is mild and overall immunosurveillance is enhanced. 25,50,51 To counter exercise-induced alterations in immunosurveillance and host protection against pathogens, the endurance athlete should consider these guidelines: 1 1. Keep other life stresses to a minimum (mental stress in and of itself has been linked to increased URTI risk).…”

Section: Summary and Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise effects on systemic immunity

Nieman¹

2000

Immunol Cell Biol

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Summary Heavy exertion has acute and chronic influences on systemic immunity. In the resting state, the immune systems of athletes and non-athletes are more similar than disparate with the exception of NK cell activity, which tends to be elevated in athletes. Many components of the immune system exhibit adverse change after prolonged, heavy exertion. These immune changes occur in several compartments of the immune system and body (e.g. the skin, upper respiratory tract mucosal tissue, lung, blood and muscle). Although still open to interpretation, most exercise immunologists believe that during this 'open window' of impaired immunity (which may last between 3 and 72 h, depending on the immune measure) viruses and bacteria may gain a foothold, increasing the risk of subclinical and clinical infection. The infection risk may be amplified when other factors related to immune function are present, including exposure to novel pathogens during travel, lack of sleep, severe mental stress, malnutrition or weight loss.

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Section: Summary and Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise effects on systemic immunity

Nieman¹

2000

Immunol Cell Biol

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“…The findings of the studies emphasized that sport activities and exercise change the salivary Immunoglobulin A level. The type and direction of the changes depend on the intensity, duration and amount of the exhaustive exercise [ [16]. Basketball is a stressful and intensive aerobic competition for children, which is played in four 8-minute quarters, at children level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Official Basketball Competition on the Levels of Cortisol and Salivary Immunoglobulin (A) among female children

Mazdarani¹,

Khaledi²,

Hedayati³

2016

J Child Obes

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Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Official basketball competition on the levels of Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A among pre pubertal girls of 10-11 years old. Method:The statistical population of the study consisted of 12 female basketball players with an average age of (10.58 0.15 years).Collection of the salivary specimen was conducted in accordance with the standard procedures, before and immediately five minutes after the competition. Cortisol concentration and Salivary IgA level were measured, using ELISA quantitative method. Statistical analysis was conducted using the dependent t-Test.Results: the results revealed that an official basketball competition increases cortisol and salivary IgA concentrations, significantly (p ≤ 0.00).Regarding the results of the analysis, one may conclude that sport competition is likely to affect physiological responses of the children and juvenile's immune systems. Conclusion:It worth to note that despite widespread participation of children and juveniles in competitions and sport events, little researches have been conducted on their immunological factors and stress hormones in response to stressful conditions dominated over the competitions and sport events. Even insufficient information and data achieved through investigations are necessary and useful in evaluation of this age group, concerning their hormone responses to the competitions and sport events.

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“…Conforme previamente observado por Novas et al (51) , o período de treinamento/competições de tênis promove a redução da concentração de IgA e o aumento da incidência de infecções no trato respiratório durante o período de 12 semanas (51) . A fim de investigar o possível efeito do consumo de CHO sobre a resposta imunológica, Nieman et al (52) avaliaram a concentração de IgA em tenistas. Nesse estudo foi observado que a concentração de IgA permanecia inalterada, após duas sessões de treino de tênis com 120 minutos de duração.…”

Section: Suplementação De Carboidrato No Tênisunclassified

A suplementação de carboidrato maximiza o desempenho de tenistas?

Gomes

Aoki

2010

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOO tênis é um esporte complexo, influenciado por muitas variáveis, tais como o tipo de quadra (lenta ou rápida), o tipo de bola e o padrão tático do jogador (ofensivo ou defensivo). Esse esporte é considerado uma atividade intermitente de longa duração que, provavelmente, recruta diferentes tipos de substratos energéticos. Portanto, devido às características do tênis, é plausível admitir que o carboidrato seja um importante combustível para essa atividade. O efeito ergogênico do carboidrato já foi comprovado no exercício de endurance. Entretanto, no tênis, poucos estudos investigaram o papel desse nutriente sobre o desempenho. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar e discutir os estudos disponíveis sobre os efeitos da suplementação de carboidrato no desempenho de tenistas. A literatura atual apresenta escasso número de estudos, com o agravante dos mesmos apresentarem resultados controversos. Portanto, os poucos estudos não permitem que a pergunta levantada no título do artigo seja respondida de maneira satisfatória. A controvérsia observada nos estudos é, provavelmente, consequência de modelos experimentais diferentes, tais como: a duração do treino/jogo/teste, os parâmetros utilizados para medir desempenho, o conteúdo inicial dos estoques de glicogênio e a análise/controle da dieta antes do experimento. Estudos adicionais, em condições reais de jogo, precisam ser conduzidos, a fim de avaliar o real efeito da suplementação de carboidrato sobre o desempenho no tênis. Palavras-chave: nutrição, tênis, glicemia, glicogênio. ABSTRACTTennis is a complex sport influenced by many variables, such as the type of court (slow or fast), the ball used and the tactical pattern of the player (offensive or defensive). It is considered a long lasting intermittent activity that probably recruits different energy substrates. Thus, due to its specific characteristics, it is reasonable to expect that carbohydrate might be an important energy substrate for this sport. The ergogenic role of carbohydrate for endurance sports is well known. However, only few studies investigated the role of this nutrient during tennis practice. The aim of the present work is to discuss the data regarding the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on tennis performance. There are only few studies available with controversial results. Therefore, it is not currently possible to draw a final conclusion on this topic. Probably, the controversy is related to different experimental models. Further studies should be carried out in order to assess the real effect of carbohydrate supplementation on tennis performance.

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The Acute Response of the Immune System to Tennis Drills in Adolescent Athletes

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Exercise effects on systemic immunity

Exercise effects on systemic immunity

Effects of Official Basketball Competition on the Levels of Cortisol and Salivary Immunoglobulin (A) among female children

A suplementação de carboidrato maximiza o desempenho de tenistas?

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