Terahertz Rectennas on Flexible Substrates Based on One-Dimensional Metal–Insulator–Graphene Diodes

Hemmeter, Andreas; Yang, Xinxin; Wang, Zhenxing; Otto, Martin; Uzlu, Burkay; Andree, Marcel; Pfeiffer, Ullrich R.; Vorobiev, Andrei; Stake, Jan; Lemme, Max C.

doi:10.1021/acsaelm.1c00134

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…power (NEP) of 80 pW Hz −0.5 . [81] These results prove the feasibility of energy harvesting and terahertz power detection on flexible substrates for application in, for example, wearable electronic devices enabled by graphene electronics.…”

Section: D Mig Diodementioning

confidence: 62%

“…[ 80 ] Recently power detection via rectennas based on 1D MIG diodes on a flexible substrate has been demonstrated with a measured maximum responsivity of 80 V/W at 167 GHz and a minimum noise equivalent power (NEP) of 80 pW Hz − 0.5 . [ 81 ] These results prove the feasibility of energy harvesting and terahertz power detection on flexible substrates for application in, for example, wearable electronic devices enabled by graphene electronics.…”

Section: Graphene‐based Devices and Their Modelingmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This significant improvement in mobility enabled the use of such devices in applications such as imaging. [105] Alternatively, diode-based graphene rectifiers have been reported on either rigid [107] or flexible substrates, [108][109][110] which rely on the nonlinear behavior of the device. The highest operation frequency is restricted by the parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the device.…”

Section: Power Detectors and Rectifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene‐Based Microwave Circuits: A Review

et al. 2022

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202108473.Over the past two decades, research on 2D materials has received much interest. Graphene is the most promising candidate regarding high-frequency applications thus far due to is high carrier mobility. Here, the research about the employment of graphene in micro-and millimeter-wave circuits is reviewed. The review starts with the different methodologies to grow and transfer graphene, before discussing the way graphene-based field-effecttransistors (GFETs) and diodes are built. A review on different approaches for realizing these devices is provided before discussing the employment of both GFETs and graphene diodes in different micro-and millimeter-wave circuits, showing the possibilities but also the limitations of this 2D material for highfrequency applications.

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Section: D Mig Diodementioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Graphene‐based Devices and Their Modelingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Power Detectors and Rectifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene‐Based Microwave Circuits: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…For example, high-frequency rectennas could be implemented for power generation at night time or during atmospheric/sand storms by exploiting black body radiation, [11,12] a solution that could also find an important application in the space sector. Apart from these futuristic and fascinating scenarios, the rectenna concept has been demonstrated in the infrared range [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] also by employing 2D materials, [20,21] while in the visible range an interesting solution relying on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was introduced, reaching conversion efficiency up to ≈10 -6 %. [22][23][24] The limited efficiency values obtained at high-frequencies are attributed to non-optimal geometry of CNTs and fabrication challenges inherent to the bottom-up fabrication process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Frequency Light Rectification by Nanoscale Plasmonic Conical Antenna in Point‐Contact‐Insulator‐Metal Architecture

Mupparapu

Cunha

Tantussi

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop rectifying antennas operating at high frequencies, especially dedicated to light harvesting and photodetection applications. However, the development of efficient high frequency rectifying antennas has been a major technological challenge both due to a lack of comprehension of the underlying physics and limitations in the fabrication techniques. Various rectification strategies have been implemented, including metal-insulator-metal traveling-wave diodes, plasmonic nanogap optical antennas, and whisker diodes, although all show limited high-frequency operation and modest conversion efficiencies. Here a new type of rectifying antenna based on plasmonic carrier generation is demonstrated. The proposed structure consists of a resonant metallic conical nano-antenna tip in contact with the oxide surface of an oxide/metal bilayer. The conical shape allows for an improved current generation based on plasmon-mediated electromagnetic-to-electron conversion, an effect exploiting the nanoscale-tip contact of the rectifying antenna, and proportional to the antenna resonance and to the surface-electron scattering. Importantly, this solution provides rectification operation at 280 THz (1064 nm) with a 100-fold increase in efficiency compared to previously reported results. Finally, the conical rectifying antenna is also demonstrated to operate at 384 THz (780 nm), hence paving a way toward efficient rectennas toward the visible range.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under

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“…Currently, the use of an antenna integrated with a rectifying diode has only been successfully demonstrated for microwave and radio frequency energy harvesting [4], because as the operation frequency increases (at infrared and visible frequencies), the conversion efficiency decreases. Cutting-edge efficiency of MID-IR rectennas even using 2D materials indicates values well below 1% [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In the visible range with the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) it was possible to obtain conversion efficiency of up to ≈10 −6 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in THz Rectifier Technology: Research and Perspectives

2022

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Schottky diode (SD) has seen great improvements in the past few decades and, for many THz applications, it is the most useful device. However, the use and recycling of forms of energy such as solar energy and the infrared thermal radiation that the Earth continuously emits represent one of the most relevant and critical issues for this diode, which is unable to rectify signals above 5 THz. The goal is to develop highly efficient diodes capable of converting radiation from IR spectra to visible ones in direct current (DC). A set of performance criteria is investigated to select some of the most prominent materials required for developing innovative types of electrodes, but also a wide variety of insulator layers is required for the rectification process, which can affect the performance of the device. The current rectifying devices are here reviewed according to the defined performance criteria. The main aim of this review is to provide a wide overview of recent research progress, specific issues, performance, and future directions in THz rectifier technology based on quantum mechanical tunneling and asymmetric structure.

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Terahertz Rectennas on Flexible Substrates Based on One-Dimensional Metal–Insulator–Graphene Diodes

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Graphene‐Based Microwave Circuits: A Review

Graphene‐Based Microwave Circuits: A Review

High‐Frequency Light Rectification by Nanoscale Plasmonic Conical Antenna in Point‐Contact‐Insulator‐Metal Architecture

Progress in THz Rectifier Technology: Research and Perspectives

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