Synergistic effect between a char forming agent (CFA) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal and flame retardant properties of polypropylene

Abstract

The synergistic effect between a char forming agent (CFA) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) on the thermal and flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) are investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and water resistance test. The results of cone calorimetry show that heat release rate peak (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and the mass loss of PP with 30 wt% intumescent flame retardant (IFR, CFA/MAPP = 1:2) decreases remarkably compared with that of pure PP. The HRR, THR, and mass loss decrease, respectively from 1140 to 100 kW/m2, from 96 to 16.8 MJ/m2, and from 100 to 40%. The PP composite with CFA/MAPP = 1:2 has the best water resistance, and it can still obtain a UL‐94 V‐0 rating after 168 hr soaking in water. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Synergistic effect of graphitic carbon nitride and ammonium polyphosphate for enhanced thermal and flame retardant properties of polystyrene

“…1b. The assignments of APP can be detected at 3400À3030 cm À1 (the asymmetric stretching vibration of NH 4 þ ), 1420 cm À1 (the bending vibration of NH þ ), 800 cm À1 (the vibration absorption), 1350À1100 cm À1 (stretching vibration of P]O), and 1100e850 cm À1 (the stretching vibration of PeOeP) [36,37]. For g-C 3 N 4 , the broad bands at 3000À3500 cm À1 are contributed by NeH stretching vibration and hydrogen bonding interactions; the bands at 1800e1000 cm À1 corresponding to stretching vibration of connected units such as CeN(ÀC)eC or CeNHeC; the absorption band at approximately 810 cm À1 assigned to vibration of the triazine ring [38].…”

One-pot synthesis of a novel s-triazine-based hyperbranched charring foaming agent and its enhancement on flame retardancy and water resistance of polypropylene

“…To surmount these deficiencies, significant works have been devoted to searching new charring foaming agents. Among them, triazine-based polymeric charring foaming agents have attracted extensive attentions [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Controllable synthesis and characterization of ammonium polyphosphate with crystalline form V by phosphoric acid process

“…The region of 3400e3030 cm À1 was assigned to the asymmetric stretching absorption of NH 4 þ [12], the region of 1430e1390 cm À1 was assigned to the bending absorption of NH þ , these two regions didn't change with the crystalline form of APP. Both APP-I and APP-II had vibration absorption peaks at 800 cm À1 and 1350e1100 cm À1 , the peaks at 1100e850 cm À1 were assigned to stretching vibration of PeOeP, and peaks at 1350e1100 cm À1 were assigned to stretching vibration of P]O, all these peaks were typical bands of polyphosphate chains and were not related to crystalline forms.…”