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In order to obtain homogeneous dispersion and strong filler-matrix interface in epoxy resin, graphene oxide was functionalized via surface modification by hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and glycidol and then incorporated into epoxy resin to obtain nanocomposites via in situ thermal polymerization. The morphology of nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, implying good dispersion of graphene nano-sheets. The incorporation of functionalized graphene oxide effectively enhanced various property performances of epoxy nanocomposites. The storage modulus of the epoxy nanocomposites was significantly increased by 113% (2% addition) and the hardness was improved by 38% (4% addition). Electrical conductivity was improved by 6.5 orders of magnitude. Enhanced thermal stability was also achieved. This work demonstrates a cost-effective approach to construct a flexible interphase structure, strong interfacial interaction and good dispersion of functionalized graphene in epoxy nanocomposites through a local epoxy-rich environment around graphene oxide sheets, which reinforces the polymer properties and indicates further application in research and industrial areas.

Structure of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is similar to that of graphite before functionalization and exfoliation.

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Functionalized reduced graphene oxide (FRGO) wrapped with a phosphorus and nitrogen-containing flame retardant (FR) was successfully prepared via a simple one-pot method and well characterized.

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