Stress‐related hormonal and psychological changes to official youth Taekwondo competitions

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an official Taekwondo competition on the heart rate (HR), salivary α-amylase (sA-A), salivary free cortisol (sC), and Profile of Mood States (POMS) in 10 young male (14±0 years) and six female (13±1 years) athletes. POMS and hormones were measured 15 min before and directly after the competition. During the recovery phase (30 and 90 min), sA-A and sC were also measured. HR measured during the competition was expressed as a percentage of individual's maximal heart rate (%HR(max) ) to evaluate the intensity of exercise. During the competition, athletes spent 65% of the time working at HR>90% of individuals HR(max). A significant increase (P<0.0001) in sA-A (115%) was observed at the end of the match. At 30 min of recovery, sA-A returned to the pre-competition level. The peak sC values were observed at 30 min of recovery (P<0.001), returning to the pre-competition level at 90 min of recovery. A gender difference (P=0.01) emerged only for sC, although a similar trend was observed for female and male athletes. Significantly higher post-match scores emerged for Anger-hostility (pre: 6.1±1.1, post: 11.2±1.9; P=0.03) and Depression-dejection (pre: 4.5±0.5, post: 10.2±1.9; P=0.006), whereas the reverse picture was observed for Vigour-activity (pre: 23.2±1.2, post: 16.3±1.7; P=0.0006). Taekwondo competition results in temporary changes in the stress-related parameters measured in this study. The present findings suggest that this experimental paradigm can represent a useful model for further research on the effects of various stressors (i.e., training and competition) in Taekwondo athletes of different levels (i.e., novice, international).

Relationships between rating of perceived exertion and blood indices during training sessions of various intensity in female taekwondo players

“…So far taekwondo training was not monitored earlier with the use of hormonal measures, but hormonal study were utilized only for detections of competitive stress [31,32]. Other perceptual and physiological tools like heart rate and blood lactate were utilized for evaluation of physical strain of both a competition and training.…”

Detección de talentos en practicantes de taekwondo

“…No existían diferencias entre ganadoras y perdedoras tras la primera ronda preliminar (ganadoras: 1,85 mmol/l antes y 11,31 mmol/l después del combate; perdedoras: 2,04 mmol/l y 10,51 mmol/l, respectivamente) (Pieter, inédito). En un campeonato nacional de Italia, se registró que los deportistas junior de taekwondo (niños: 14 años; niñas: 13 años) pasaban aproximadamente el 65,4% de un combate compitiendo a frecuencias cardiacas (FC) superiores al 90% de su máxima FC (Chiodo et al, 2009). …”

“…El estrés en situación de competición también ha sido investigado por Chiodo et al (2009). Los autores estudiaron a chicos (14 años) y chicas (13 años) practicantes de taekwondo que competían en las rondas clasificatorias de un evento juvenil en Italia.…”

Razlike U Funkcionalnim Sposobnostima Dečaka Mlađeg Školskog Uzrasta Nakon Primene Posebno Programiranog Transformacionog Procesa

“…Svaka fizička aktivnost iziskuje veliki broj fizioloških i metaboličkih procesa, pa samim tim mogu da se dogode i kontraindikacije prilikom upražnjavanja fizičkih aktivnosti. Telo angažovano fizičkom aktivnošću reaguje promenama u gotovo svim fiziološkim sistemima, u prvom redu mišićno-koštanom, kardio-vaskularnom, respiratornom, endokrinom i imunom sistemu (Mišigoj-Duraković, 2006).Tekvondo služi više za poboljšavanje takmičarskih sposobnosti nego u cilju poboljšavanja zdravlja (Bu, Haijun, Yong, Chaohui, Xiaoyuan, & Fiatarone Singh, 2010), što govori i činjenica da su tokom borbi osobe koje se nadmeću u stresnom stanju, u zavisnosti od "težine" borbe (Chiodo, Tessitore, Cortis, Cibelli, Lupo, Ammendolia, De Rosas, & Capranica, 2009). …”