SPE–HPLC–MS/MS method for the trace analysis of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines and 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol in rabbit plasma using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine‐modified silica as a sorbent

Abstract

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), including N'-nitrosonornicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, N'-nitrosoanatabine, and N'-nitrosoanabasine, have been implicated as a source of carcinogenicity in tobacco and cigarette smoke. We present a rapid and effective method comprising SPE based on tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica as sorbent and analysis with HPLC-MS/MS for the determination of TSNAs and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, in rabbit plasma. The linear dynamic ranges were 10-2000 pg/mL for NNAL and 4-2000 pg/mL for the four TSNAs with good correlation coefficients (>0.9965). The LODs were in the range of 0.9-3.7 pg/mL, and the LOQs were between 2.9 and 12.3 pg/mL. The accuracies of the method were also evaluated and found to be in the range of 90.1-113.3%. This method is promising to be applied to the preconcentration and determination of TSNAs and NNAL in smoke and human body fluids.

Solid‐phase extraction of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines with a mixed‐mode hydrophobic/cation‐exchange sorbent

“…Therefore, to evaluate the harmful public health effects of TSNAs in smokers, it is necessary to monitor their contents in tobacco, tobacco products and tobacco smoke . HPLC and GC coupled with various detection techniques such as thermal energy analyzer , MS and MS/MS have been repeatedly used to determine the presence of TSNAs. LC is the most commonly used separation platform , and MS/MS has become the routine detection technique for TSNAs.…”

“…HPLC and GC coupled with various detection techniques such as thermal energy analyzer , MS and MS/MS have been repeatedly used to determine the presence of TSNAs. LC is the most commonly used separation platform , and MS/MS has become the routine detection technique for TSNAs. During the past several decades, the LC–MS/MS method has been widely used to analyze TSNAs in tobacco, tobacco products, and tobacco smoke .…”

“…LC is the most commonly used separation platform , and MS/MS has become the routine detection technique for TSNAs. During the past several decades, the LC–MS/MS method has been widely used to analyze TSNAs in tobacco, tobacco products, and tobacco smoke . Tobacco and tobacco smoke are both complex mixtures and more than 8,000 different chemical compounds have been identified in these complex mixtures .…”

“…Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) are well-known harmful components in tobacco and related products, of which N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) have been the most studied [1][2][3][4][5]. According to the International Agency for Research on complex mixtures [4,22,23]. TSNAs are usually present at ultra-low levels [3,24].…”

Evaluation of a method for the simultaneous quantification of N‐nitrosamines in water samples based on stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection

“…Thus extraction method plays the main role for reliable measurements of trace concentration levels of NAs. Typically, sorptive extraction methods including SPE with different stationary phases and microextraction methods such as SPME and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) have been described as appropriate methods for extraction and preconcentration of NAs.…”