Solid‐phase extraction of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines with a mixed‐mode hydrophobic/cation‐exchange sorbent

Abstract

A mixed‐mode hydrophobic/cation‐exchange sorbent was used for the solid‐phase extraction of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines. Several parameters including sample solution pH, washing solution, type and volume of desorption solution, and amount of sorbent were investigated. By combining solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, we successfully developed a method for tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines determination. The limit of detection for target analytes in our method ranged from 0.012 to 0.037 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were larger than 0.9994 for all target analytes indicating good linearities. Intra‐day (n = 5) and inter‐day (n = 3) precision showed good reproducibility, with relative standard deviations less than 11.7 and 10.9%, respectively. The results show that our method is capable of measuring tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines in tobacco, smokeless tobacco products and mainstream cigarette smoke. No significant deviation was found between our method and a similar analysis using standard methods.

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines using magnetic graphene composite as sorbent

“…Agilent 1200 liquid chromatographer (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, USA) equipped with an API 5500 triple quadruple mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was used for sample analysis. The detailed analytical conditions for TSNAs were the same as in our previous study (see Supporting Information).…”

“…The MSS collection and extraction procedures were executed according to International Standardization Organization standard method 3402 and 3308 and were the same as in our previous study (see Supporting Information).…”

“…Due to the flexibility of sorbent choice and low consumption of organic solvents, SPE offers an excellent alternative to LLE. Inorganic silica‐based and organic polymer‐based materials with excellent extraction efficiency have been used as SPE sorbents to extract TSNAs from real samples. However, slow diffusion and mass transfer rate usually resulted in long extraction time for the SPE procedure .…”

Porous Polymers Containing Metallocalix[4]arene for the Extraction of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines

“…Although the oncogenic mechanisms of NNK remain debatable, one possible mechanism is that the metabolic products of NNK are capable of forming adducts with DNA. − TSNAs are formed during the growth, curing, storage, and processing of tobacco leaves. − The determination of TSNA concentration during the postharvest period of tobacco can be used for the quality control of tobacco products. An efficient determination method of TSNAs is based on LC/GC–MS/MS along with preconcentration steps. − The preconcentration of TSNAs using an efficient and selective adsorbent is important, especially for samples with a complex matrix and/or low concentration of TSNAs. Moreover, the efficient adsorbent for TSNAs can also be used to extract TSNAs from tobacco waste to reduce the disposal of carcinogenic species into the environment.…”

Development of a new solvent‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction followed by ion mobility spectrometry for trace determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples

“…SPE is more flexible and efficient than LLE in terms of simplicity, low consumption of the organic solvent, and flexibility in choosing the sorbent and high enrichment factor. In recent years, many uses of the SPE have been reported for the preconcentration and extraction of ultra‐trace volumes of inorganic and organic compounds from real samples . The efficiency of the SPE techniques depends on the surface area (particle size) of the sorbent .…”