Development of a new solvent‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction followed by ion mobility spectrometry for trace determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples

Abstract

In this research, an effective sample preparation method called solvent‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction followed by corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was proposed for the trace determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. In this method, to maximize the interaction surface between target analytes and sorbent, the sorbent was dispersed into the aqueous sample. In this technique, the sorbent was dispersed at very low levels using a solution of sorbent and disperser solvent into the aqueous sample. Then, a cloudy solution was created by dispersing the sorbent particles in aqueous solution. After the interaction of organophosphorus pesticides and benzil, the cloudy solution was centrifuged and organophosphorus pesticides in the solid phase were dissolved in ethanol. In order to obtain the best extraction efficiency, the optimization of parameters affecting this method was examined. After optimization, the results were obtained as follows: pH of solution: 7.0, sorbent: benzil, 2% w/v, disperser solvent: ethanol, 500 µL, and centrifuge: centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 2 min. The presented method showed low method detection limit (0.3 ng mL−1), excellent preconcentration factor (368–376), good linearity (>0.994), repeatability (RSD < 4.1%), and high recoveries (92–94%).

Development of a simple and fast method named solvent‐assisted dispersive solid phase extraction for trace detection of triazole fungicides in water, fruit, vegetable, and agricultural soil samples

“…The results indicated that benzil outperformed the others (Figure 2A), which could be attributed to some interactions, such as π-π, hydrophobic, and semi-H-bond interactions between benzil and the targeted analytes. Unlike naphthalene, which lacks polar functional groups, benzil possesses two ben-zene rings and two polar functional groups, leading to a synergistic effect between the above-mentioned interactions [15,29]. Similarly, 1.2-dichlorobenzene has only one benzene ring in its chemical structure, which can explain its inferior performance in comparison to benzil.…”

“…This is especially the case, when chromatographic techniques are coupled with a mass spectrometry detector without prior sample preparation/extraction [12,13]. Additionally, since TFs predominantly are present in trace levels in real samples, a preconcentration step is typically necessary [14,15].…”

Application of in‐situ formed polymer‐based dispersive solid phase extraction in combination with solidification of floating organic droplet‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of neonicotinoid pesticides from milk samples

“…Then, the sorbent is eluted with an appropriate organic solvent and the resulting eluent is utilized in the following extraction or determination step [14]. This method was used for the extraction of various pesticides from different foodstuffs [15][16][17]. Although DSPE is an efficient and facile approach obtaining high enrichment factors (EFs) is not accessible in this method because of using a high volume of elution solvent.…”