Solubility Behavior of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde in Different Pure Organic Solvents

Abstract

The solubility of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA) in 16 kinds of pure solvents [i.e., methanol, ethanol, npropanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, s-butanol, acetone, 2-butanone, cyclohexanone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate] was measured using the gravimetric method at temperatures ranging from 278.15 to 313.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The solubility of TMBA in all tested 16 pure solvents increases with the increase of temperature. The minimum solubility data are obtained in i-butanol at 278.15 K (0.004507 mol• mol −1 ), and the maximum solubility data are obtained in DMF at 313.15 K (0.3769 mol•mol −1 ). Polarity plays an important role in the solubility of TMBA in alcohol solvents. Three thermodynamic models including the λh model, the Yaws model, and the modified Apelblat model were selected to correlate the measured solubility data of TMBA. The maximum relative average deviation (RAD) and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values are no larger than 0.0387 and 0.00550, respectively. Furthermore, the modified Apelblat equation is best suited to correlate the solubility data of TMBA among the selected models of RAD and RMSD values less than 0.0262 and 0.00353, respectively. The solubility data are of guiding significance to the crystallization process of TMBA.

The Solubility Profile of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde in Aqueous Binary Solvent Mixtures at Several Temperatures

“…The details of melting temperature can be obtained from our previous work . As shown in Figure , the enthalpy of fusion (Δ fus H ) of TMBA was found to be 23.60 kJ/mol (with a relative standard uncertainty of u r (Δ fus H ) = 0.08).…”

“…Jebin et al investigated the solubility of TMBA in their work. The details can be seen from our previous work …”

“…The results are listed in Tables S1–S5 (Supporting Information) and plotted in Figure a–e. The solubility data of TMBA in pure solvents including ethanol, n -propanol, i -propanol, acetone, and DMF were obtained from our previous paper . The solubility of TMBA is positively correlated with temperature in all the selected aqueous mixed solvents.…”

“…Mole fraction solubility of TMBA in different kinds of pure solvents (data from ref ) and aqueous mixed solvents: (a) water + ethanol, (b) water + n -propanol, (c) water + i -propanol, (d) water + acetone, and (e) water + DMF.…”

Measurement and Correlation of the Solubility of 2-Mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol in Aqueous Binary Solvent Mixtures

“…by the gravimetric method. The accuracy of the solubility measurement system has been demonstrated in our previous work. − The solubility data of MTD in four aqueous binary mixtures were determined by the following four steps: (1) Preparation of aqueous binary solvent mixtures: the antisolvent (water) and good solvent (methanol, ethanol, n -propanol, or acetone) were weighed in a 300 mL glass bottle in a certain proportion (mole fraction: 0.1–0.9 mol·mol –1 , with an interval of 0.1), and ultrasonic mixing was used for 0.5 h to ensure that the aqueous binary solvent mixtures are fully mixed. (2) Equilibration: A certain amount of aqueous binary solvent mixtures and excess MTD were added to a 200 mL glass jacket, and then a magnetic stirrer (98-2, Zhengzhou Ketai Laboratory Equipment Co., Ltd.) was used to stir at a constant temperature for 12 h to ensure the solid–liquid equilibrium was reached (this was confirmed by repeated concentration analysis at intervals of 0.5 h to ensure that equilibrium was reached).…”