Social Orientations in the Minimal Group Paradigm

Bourhis, Richard Y.; Gagnon, André

doi:10.1002/9780470693421.ch5

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…maximizing the ratio between ingroup gains and outgroup gains). It should be recognized that social identity theorists have, historically, made use of a variety of different allocation matrices and measurement techniques for assessing preferences (see Bourhis & Gagnon, 2001;Bourhis, Sachdev, & Gagnon, 1994 for reviews). Because the tendency to prefer relative to absolute gains was the sole dependent variable of interest in this research, however, no other matrices were presented to participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vladimir's Choice and the Distribution of Social Resources

Sidanius

Haley

Molina

et al. 2007

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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`Vladimir's choice' refers to the tendency for people to favor the ingroup relative to the outgroup—even when doing so requires that people sacrifice ingroup profits in absolute terms. We investigated correlates of this tendency by asking a sample of White undergraduates to complete an allocation task using a resource allocation matrix. While there was a slight tendency for Vladimir's choice to increase with increasing levels of ethnic identification, this tendency disappeared when other factors were considered. Consistent with realistic group conflict theory and social dominance theory, the tendency to make Vladimir's choice increased with increasing levels of perceived intergroup competition and social dominance orientation

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vladimir's Choice and the Distribution of Social Resources

Sidanius

Haley

Molina

et al. 2007

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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“…Generally, they have a quite strong ingroup as well as national identity and they also show relatively high intergroup bias on both positive and negative traits. First, we examined the validity among the Swedish-speaking Finns of the so called "aggravation hypothesis" regarding the PNAE ( Bourhis & Gagnon, 2001), i.e. whether there is intergroup bias in the intergroup evaluations that refer to negative as well as to positive traits .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingroup Favouritism and Outgroup Derogation among Swedish-speaking Finns

Liebkind¹,

Henning-Lindblom²,

Solheim³

2006

Nordic Psychology

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We studied the continuity of intergroup bias across two generations among the Swedishspeaking Finns. Many moderators influence the intensity of intergroup bias, for example, group size, group status, valence condition (i.e., attribution of positive or negative stereotypes to in-and outgroup) and ingroup identification. In multilingual contexts, the ethnolinguistic vitality of a language group can be conceived as a proxy for its status. The socalled 'aggravating hypothesis' holds that inferior group size or group status constitute aggravating conditions which eliminate the so called PNAE ('positive-negative asymmetry effect'). We found, in accordance with this hypothesis, that neither generation of this minority group showed PNAE, i.e., both generations showed ingroup favouritism in the negative (attribution of negative stereotypes) as well as in the positive (attribution of positive stereotypes) stimulus conditions. In addition, intergroup bias was stronger among those with a strong ingroup identity, and weaker among those with a strong national identity, regardless of age, although the adolescents showed less intergroup bias than the adults in the negative stimulus condition. This difference occurred only after controlling for ingroup identity, as the adults identified with their ingroup significantly more than the adolescents. However, the adolescents favoured their ingroup more than the adults in the positive stimulus condition. Low local objective ethnolinguistic vitality (i.e. small proportion of Swedish-speakers in the community) seemed to imply an additional aggravating condition, as it predicted more intergroup bias in both generations and in both valence conditions. In accordance with expectations, however, a strong interpersonal network of language contacts, i.e., only Swedish spoken at home, was related to stronger intergroup bias in both generations and both valence conditions.

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“…It has been shown (e.g. Bourhis & Gagnon, 2001;Otten & Mummendey, 2000) that numerical inferiority is a so called aggravating condition which instigates bias in both positive and negative domains. If, then, an intergroup setting comprises information threatening a positive social identity and increasing the need for distinctiveness, there will be equally strong favouritism effects in both valence conditions (Otten & Mummendey, 2000).…”

Section: Group Size and Trait Valence As Predictors Of Intergroup Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group size, group status and trait valence as determinants of intergroup bias: Stereotyping in Finland and Sweden

Liebkind

Henning-Lindblom

Solheim

2008

Euro J Social Psych

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The effects of group size, group status and trait valence (positive or negative stereotypes of in-and outgroup) on intergroup bias was studied in nation-wide probability samples of majority and minority groups in Finland and Sweden, (N ¼ 2479). Ethnolinguistic vitality was used as a proxy for status. It is argued that the specific history of real-life intergroup relations has to be duly acknowledged when predicting main and interactive effects on intergroup bias in natural contexts. Supporting the predictions made, numerical group size showed a stable main effect; members of numerical minorities showed more bias than members of numerical majorities, regardless of trait valence. While status had no main effect, there was a significant interaction between status and size as well as between status and trait valence: intergroup bias was highest in the high status minority, and low status groups showed less bias than high status groups on negatively valenced traits. In fact, minority members showed the reverse of PNAE. In addition, majority members favoured the outgroup on negatively valenced traits, but favoured their ingroup on positively valenced traits. Different explanations for these results are discussed.

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Social Orientations in the Minimal Group Paradigm

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Vladimir's Choice and the Distribution of Social Resources

Vladimir's Choice and the Distribution of Social Resources

Ingroup Favouritism and Outgroup Derogation among Swedish-speaking Finns

Group size, group status and trait valence as determinants of intergroup bias: Stereotyping in Finland and Sweden

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