The ® rst part of this paper proposes a continuum of ideological premises that seeks to account for the broad range of immigrant integration policies adopted by Western democratic states. In the second part, a review of Social Psychological models of immigrant acculturation strategies demonstrates the need to explain more clearly the interactive nature of immig rant and host community relations. The Interac tive Acculturation Mode l (IAM) presented next proposes that relational outcomes are the product of the ac culturation orientations of both the host majority and immigrant groups as in¯uenced by state integration policies. The model makes predictions regarding the acculturation combinations most likely to produce consensual, problematic, and con¯ictual relational outcomes betw een immigrants and members of the host community. Social psycholog ical research is needed to test the validity of the IAM model empirically.La premie Á re partie de cet article propose un continuum des pre  misses ide  ologiques qui animent les e  tats de  mocratiques dans la formulation de leurs politiques d' inte  g ration envers les immigrants. En deuxie Á me partie, un survol des mode Á les propose  s par la Psychologie Sociale pour de  c rire les modes d' acc ulturation des immigrants de  montre la ne  cessite  de tenir compte de l' interaction entre les aspirations culturelles des groupes d' immigrants et celles de la communaute  d' accueil. Le mode Á le d' acculturation interactif (MAI), pre  sente  en troisie Á me partie, propose que les rencontres interculturelles seront consensuelles, proble  matiques ou con¯ictuelles, selon les permutations des modes d' ac culturation des immigrants et des membres de la communaute  d' accueil. Les assises the  oriques du MAI sont a Á ve  ri® er dans des recherches empiriques a Á venir.

Linguistic landscape refers to the visibility and salience of languages on public and commercial signs in agiven territory or region. It is proposed that the linguistic landscape may serve important informational and symbolic functions as a marker of the relative power and status of the linguistic communities inhabiting the territory. Using the theoretical framework of ethnolinguistic vitality, it was hypothesized that the experience of the linguistic landscape by members of a language group may contribute to social psychological aspects of bilingual development. Factor analysis results show that the linguistic landscape emerges as a distinct factor separate from other measures of linguistic contacts. This factor was an important correlate of subjective ethnolinguistic vitality representing perceptions of the vitality of the in-group language in various domains. The study also found relations between the Linguistic Landscape factor and degree of in-group language use, especially in institutional settings, suggesting a 'carryover effect" of the linguistic landscape on language behavior.

Using a variant of the minimaI group paradigm (TafleI and Turner, 1986)

The Interactive Acculturation Model was recently proposed to better account for relations between immigrant and dominant host majority members depending on their respective acculturation orientations. The Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS) was used to measure the following five acculturation orientations toward "valued" and "devalued" immigrants: integrationism, assimilationism, segregationism, exclusionism, and individualism. Results obtained with Quebecois francophone host majority members (N = 637) showed that integrationism and individualism were the preferred orientations, whereas assimilationism, segregationism, and exclusionism were least endorsed. However, integrationism and individualism were more strongly endorsed for "valued" than "devalued" immigrants, whereas assimilationism, segregationism, and exclusionism were more strongly endorsed for "devalued" than "valued" immigrants. Degree of contact with immigrants was not related with the acculturation orientations of host majority francophones. The five acculturation orientations were clearly distinguished by the psychological profiles of respondents, thus confirming the construct validity of the HCAS scale.

No abstract

The study was designed to investigate the process of speech accommodation between bilinguals from two ethnolinguistic groups. It was hypothesized that the greater the amount of effort in accommodation that a bilingual speaker of one group was perceived to put into his message, the more favourably he would be perceived by listeners from another ethnic group, and also the more effort they in turn would put into accommodating back to him. Eighty bilingual English-Canadians were divided into four groups and individually tested. 5s heard on tape a French-Canadian describe a picture and they were required to sketch this while listening. 5s were made fully aware that their speaker had a choice of language for his description. The four groups heard the same male speaker describe the drawing but each in a different guise: (1) French, (2) Mix-mix, (3) Fluent English and (4) Nonfluent English. 5s were then requested to rate their speaker and his performance, and to record a description of another picture themselves for that same French-Canadian to draw later. From analyses of the ratings and the 5s' tapes, the hypotheses were confirmed and different types of accommodation noted. A theoretical framework for these results and other forms of interpersonal accommodation was suggested. (Bilingualism; social interaction; accommodation theory; Canadian French, Canadian English.) Much research has accrued recently which demonstrates that an individual's speech patterns are in part dependent on the person to whom he is talking, the topic of the discourse and the setting in which it takes place (reviewed by Giles & [1]

This study investigated the independent effects of status differentiah on intergroup behaviour. Using a variant of the minimal group paradigm ( T u e l and Turner, 1979), subjects were categorized into groups of differing status (high, equal, low)

In line with social identity theory (SIT), minimal group paradigm (MGP) studies have shown that high in-group identifiers discriminate more than low in-group identifiers. But why do some people identify more to their ad hoc group in the MGP? One week prior to a MGP study, 121 undergraduates completed scales assessing their ethnocentrism, authoritarianism, and personal need for structure. In Phase 2, the same participants took part in a MGP study in which us-them categorization was either assigned randomly or was chosen. Participants who chose their group membership identified more with their own group and discriminated more than respondents randomly assigned to their group. Path analysis showed that ethnocentrism and perception of control over group ascription predicted degree of in-group identification, which in turn, was positively related to discriminatory behavior.