Ethnocentrism, Social Identification, and Discrimination

Perreault, Stéphane; Bourhis, Richard Y.

doi:10.1177/0146167299025001008

Cited by 194 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The more individuals identify with a group, the more they will differentiate themselves from other groups leading to stereotypical perceptions of others (Perreault & Bourhis, 1999). This is the theoretical point of departure for the present thesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Ingroup identification in turn leads to ingroup favoritism; positive affect towards the ingroup which is automatically activated (Brewer, 2007a). A positive ingroup image is achieved by systematically altering perceptions of reality in favor of the own group (Allport, 1954;Brewer, 2007a;Perreault & Bourhis, 1999;Tajfel et al, 1971).…”

Section: Social Identity Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social and cognitive biases in large group decision settings

Back¹

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The present thesis consists of three studies concerning the effects of group membership in large group decision-making. The overall aim was to contribute to the understanding of how individuals react and behave when decisions are made in large groups. We explored different consequences of procedural justice concerns within members of large groups. In the first study we investigated how different decision-making procedures and perceived issue importance affect perceptions of others who agree and disagree with the individual on a potentially important issue. Results showed that individuals attribute more positive reasons for the attitude position of those who agree as opposed to disagree with themselves, whereas disagreers were attributed more negative reasons. This asymmetry was moderated by decisionmaking form, and issue importance. The attitudes concerned attitudes towards potential new policies. In the second study we investigated how participants differed in their perceptions of others as a consequence of their own position towards the new policy suggestions and the status quo. We found that challengers of the status quo advocating a change in the existing policy, tended to be more biased in their judgments of those defending the status quo than the other way around. This suggests that challengers are less tolerant of defenders" point of view. This effect was not affected by perceptions of minority status among the challengers. In the third study we looked at individual group members" cognitive restructuring of a preferred decision alternative, and how this differs between decision-making conditions, when the decision-maker is affiliated to own ingroup or not. Results showed that individuals restructure the attractiveness of their preferred alternative in group decision-making in a similar fashion as has been previously found in individual decision-making. The magnitude of such restructuring was greatest when ingroup members decided for the group. However, this effect was moderated by identification with the ingroup, such that those who identified themselves with the ingroup restructured their preferred alternative more when ingroup members decided as opposed to when outgroup authorities decided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Social Identity Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and cognitive biases in large group decision settings

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2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Research also has shown that ethnocentrism and social identity are central to ethnic prejudice [11]. Therefore, it is crucial to include this variable in studying people's attitude toward ethnic jokes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humor and Peace in Kars

Durukan¹

2017

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This anthropological research performed with different groups living in Kars, Turkey which are known as Yerli, Azeri, Kurds, Terekeme, Molokan and Alevi. Turkey is a very sensitive region between the Middle East and Europe. The presence of ethnic groups not only provides cultural wealth but also causes tension from time to time. Kars is a city with a lot of ethnic diversity, but nevertheless it is a city where tensions are least experienced. In Kars, unlike other places, they seem to live in peace. Therefore this city was chosen for the study. The goal was to understand this silence. The research method used for the study was in-depth interview and in-depth interviews were done with 13 people between the ages of 50-80 from each group. However, sometimes during negotiations someone else like a friend or a relative became a better source. At the end of the study, it was observed that humor was a means to emphasize the differences of different groups. It was noticed that the mutual dislike and/or superior properties of the groups were highlighted through jokes and funny stories. Funny stories had been told during dinners at the houses, at the large dining tables, even at formal dining tables of local and administrative managers. Food is a part of the culture, and important in developing social bonds. It is thought that, the parser effects of humor are destroyed by taking the unifying power of food. It is thought that, the power of food soften the situation without creating conflict.

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“…A number of studies show that, when experimentally manipulated, it is high (rather than low) levels of collective identity, which lead to greater ingroup bias [5][6][7][8]. The correlational evidence, which constitutes the vast majority of the evidence in this area is, however, much more inconsistent and contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analyses show a clear link between collective identity and intergroup discrimination [8,[10][11][12][13][14]. Other work reports little evidence of such relationships [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective Identity and Intergroup Discrimination: Outcomes in Contexts that Emphasize and do not Emphasize Intergroup Relations

Hunter¹,

Stringer²,

Banks³

et al. 2015

Int J Psychol Behav Anal

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Several important theoretical perspectives in intergroup relations predict that there should be a positive association between various form of intergroup discrimination and collective identity. The empirical evidence for this assumption is however inconsistent and contradictory. Some studies show positive associations, some show negative associations and some show fail to find any associations. In an attempt to bring some clarity to this area, we conducted four studies that examined the relationship between collective identity and intergroup discrimination as a function of the intergroup context. Based on ideas derived from Self-Categorization Theory (SCT) it was predicted that the association between collective identity and intergroup discrimination would emerge in contexts where intergroup relations are emphasized. Using a between groups methodology, this prediction was tested in four independent studies. The results indicate a consistently positive relationship between the evaluative dimension of collective identity and various forms of intergroup discrimination. This association is found only in circumstances that specifically emphasize intergroup relations. This relationship held across increasingly negative forms of intergroup discrimination (i.e., trait ratings, the removal of positive resources, and the allocation of white noise).

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Ethnocentrism, Social Identification, and Discrimination

Cited by 194 publications

References 44 publications

Social and cognitive biases in large group decision settings

Social and cognitive biases in large group decision settings

Humor and Peace in Kars

Collective Identity and Intergroup Discrimination: Outcomes in Contexts that Emphasize and do not Emphasize Intergroup Relations

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