Simultaneous monitoring of extracellular glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glutamate in gerbil cortex during focal cerebral ischemia by dual probe microdialysis

Yang, Dar Yu; Tsai, Tung Hu; Cheng, Chun-Yuan; Lee, Chi Wen; Chen, Sy Huang; Cheng, Fu Chou

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01033-5

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The groups did not differ significantly with regard to tissue glucose levels. These findings support the results of a study by Yang et al 27 in which gerbils were submitted to focal ischemia by occlusion of the right CCA and middle right cerebral artery for 60 minutes with microdialysis probes inserted on each side of the cerebral cortex, resulting in decreased glucose and pyruvate concentrations and increased lactate and glutamate concentrations in the ipsilateral cortex.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Preconditioning with L-alanyl-L-glutamine in a Mongolian Gerbil model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Pires¹,

Souza

Guimarães³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (L-Ala-Gln) preconditioning in an acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in gerbils. METHODS: Thirty-six Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), (60-100g), were randomized in 2 groups (n=18) and preconditioned with saline 2.0 ml (Group-S) or 0.75g/Kg of L-Ala-Gln, (Group-G) administered into the femoral vein 30 minutes prior to I/R. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=6). Anesthetized animals (urethane, 1.5g/Kg, i.p.) were submitted to bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries during 15 minutes. Samples (brain tissue and arterial blood) were collected at the end of ischemia (T 0 ) and after 30 (T 30 ) and 60 minutes (T 60 ) for glucose, lactate, myeloperoxidase (MPO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) assays and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: Glucose and lactate levels were not different in studied groups. However glycemia increased significantly in saline groups at the end of the reperfusion period. TBARS levels were significantly different, comparing treated (Group-G) and control group after 30 minutes of reperfusion (p<0.05) in cerebral tissue. Pretreatment with L-Ala-Gln promoted a significant increase in cerebral GSH contents in Group-G at T30 (p<0.001) time-point compared with Group-S. At T 30 and T 60 , increased levels of GSH occurred in both time-points. There were no group differences regarding MPO levels. Pyknosis, presence of red neurons and intracellular edema were significantly smaller in Group-G. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with L-Ala-Gln in gerbils submitted to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion reduces oxidative stress and degeneration of the nucleus (pyknosis) and cell death (red neurons) in the cerebral tissue.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Preconditioning with L-alanyl-L-glutamine in a Mongolian Gerbil model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Pires¹,

Souza

Guimarães³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…Biosensor development for measurement of glucose and lactate is relatively simple because of reasonably high endogenous brain concentrations (millimolar range) and enzymes with adequate specific activity and stability levels (Parkin et al, 2003;Yao et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2001;Gramsbergen et al, 2003). Glutamate and pyruvate are present at endogenous brain concentrations in the low micromolar range and in addition, the corresponding oxidase enzymes have low activity and stability (Parkin et al, 2003;Yao et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2001;Gramsbergen et al, 2003). The challenge increases with pyruvate where the enzymatic reaction is dependent on multiple substrates and co-factors (Gajovic et al, 2000).…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differences create concentration gradients across the cell membrane, which may be changing rapidly in the second to millisecond time domain. More often, it is the concentration changes, such as a 50-500% variation in lactate, pyruvate or glucose concentrations seen during neurological stimulation experiments that are of interest (Yang et al, 2001;Yao et al, 2004).…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain ascorbate concentration has been reported from 100 to 600 M, and in serum at 780 M (Gajovic et al, 2000;Georganopoulou et al, 2000;Kulagina et al, 1999;Venton et al, 2002). These concentrations are compared to a lower concentration analyte like glutamate with brain basal extracellular levels from 1 to 29 M, which would require exclusion factors as high as 800:1 (Yang et al, 2001;Kulagina et al, 1999). Acid anions such as pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate are challenging because traditional anionic screening methods such as Nafion TM will also exclude or retard the analyte of interest (Brown and Lowry, 2003;Yang et al, 2001;Gajovic et al, 2000;Schram et al, 2002).…”

Section: Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosensors for real-time in vivo measurements

Wilson

Gifford

2005

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

593

351

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“…However, EGb761 (100 mg/kg/ day, IG) pretreatment and combined pretreatment with EGb761 and FK506 significantly preserved glucose levels at up to 50% of the baseline during ischemia, and rapidly increased glucose levels to up to 200% of the baseline after reperfusion. Single-dose treatment with FK506 was shown to increase the levels of glucose on the ipsilateral side during ischemia [30]. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of FK506 and EGb761 may be attributable to attenuation of the severity of cerebral energy failure during ischemia and to the restoration of cerebral glucose immediately after reperfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Extract (EGb761) and FK506 Preserve Energy Metabolites in the Striatum during Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Gerbils Monitored by Microdialysis

Lin¹,

Cheng²,

Chung³

et al. 2004

J Biomed Sci

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Cell death after cerebral ischemia is mediated by the accumulation of excitatory amino acids, calcium influx into cells and the generation of free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in energy-related metabolites in the striatum of gerbils subjected to focal cerebral ischemia after pretreatment with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761), a well-known antioxidant, and FK506, a calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin inhibitor. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the right common carotid artery and the right middle cerebral artery for 60 min. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the right striatum to monitor extracellular glucose, lactate and pyruvate levels. This study showed decreases in glucose (10% of the baseline), pyruvate (20% of the baseline) and lactate (60% of the baseline), and a 5-fold increase in the lactate to pyruvate ratio during ischemia in the control group. Both EGb761 treatment and the combination (EGb761 and FK506) therapy significantly preserved glucose (50% of the baseline) and pyruvate (60% of the baseline) levels during ischemia. The marked increase in the lactate to pyruvate ratio was not observed in the combination group. These results suggest that preservation of cellular energy metabolism during cerebral ischemia and after restoration with reperfusion may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of EGb761 and FK506.

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Simultaneous monitoring of extracellular glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glutamate in gerbil cortex during focal cerebral ischemia by dual probe microdialysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Preconditioning with L-alanyl-L-glutamine in a Mongolian Gerbil model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Preconditioning with L-alanyl-L-glutamine in a Mongolian Gerbil model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Biosensors for real-time in vivo measurements

<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Extract (EGb761) and FK506 Preserve Energy Metabolites in the Striatum during Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Gerbils Monitored by Microdialysis

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