Septoriablotch epidemic process on spring wheat varieties

Abstract

The Septoriablotch of spring wheat leaves and ears is one of the most economically significant infections in the Siberian region. In the control systems of Septoriablotch the main ecologically safe element is resistant varieties, which are designed to slow down the pathogens reproduction rate and slow down or stop the development of the epiphytotic process. The purpose of the work was to clarify the species composition of Septoriablotch pathogens for West Siberian regions and spring wheat varieties, to study the epiphytotic process of Septoriadifferentially on the leaves and ears of varieties, and to evaluate the activity of seed transmission of Parastagonospora nodorum. Studies were carried out in 2016–2018 according to generally accepted methods. Septorialeaf and ear blotch of spring wheat is widespread in West Siberia and the Trans-Urals, causing a decrease in yield by up to 50 % or more with the deterioration in grain quality. The causative agents of the disease are P. nodorum, Septoria tritici, and P. avenaef. sp. triticae, and the species ratio varied across the regions and varieties, and within plant organs. In Novosibirsk Region, P. nodorumcompletely dominated; S. triticiwas 13.8 times less common; and P. avenae f. sp. triticaewas a singleton. In Tyumen Region, the dominance of P. nodorumwas disrupted in some geographic locations by S. triticiand P. avenaef. sp. triticae. In Altai Krai, P. nodorumpredominated at all points studied; S. tritici and P. avenaef. sp. triticaewere found everywhere, but 5.6 and 8.6 times less often, respectively. The study of spring wheat varieties of different origins has not revealed any samples immune to Septoriablotch. A differen tiated manifestation of resistance to Septorialeaf and ear disease has been established. Some varieties show complex resistance, combining reduced susceptibility to Septorialeaf and ear disease. Seed infection with P. nodorumin the regions of Siberia reached 7 thresholds and was largely (52.5 %) determined by the August weather conditions. The study of the collection of spring wheat varieties from three Siberian regions has revealed the following trend. Transmission of P. nodorumwith the seeds of varieties was the most active (7.6 %) in Novosibirsk Region and somewhat weaker in Omsk Region (5.7 %). The most favorable phytosanitary situation was in Kurgan Region, where varieties transmitted P. nodorumto a low degree (2.1 %), below the threshold.

The Diversity of Fungal Endophytes from Wild Grape Vitis amurensis Rupr

“…Recently, it has been described that Cladosporium cladosporioides causes grape fruit rot in Xinjiang, China [ 28 ]. Also, the Septoria blotch of spring wheat leaves and ears is considered as one of the most economically significant infections in the Siberian region [ 29 ]. Probably, Cladosporium sp.…”

The Use of Genetic Material of Tall Wheatgrass to Protect Common Wheat from Septoria Blotch in Western Siberia

“…In the former USSR countries, single Septoria blotch cases were noted in the 1970s [22], and by now the disease has spread in the most regions of wheat cultivation [7,8,[23][24][25]. Three causal agents of Septoria diseases were identified on crops in Russia; however, there was an uneven species distribution.…”

“…The frequency of the P. avenae f. sp. triticae in the pathogen complex was low in these areas [7,23,24]. In the Central Black Earth region, the Septoria blotch appeared annually in 2008-2017, and the average yield losses of spring and winter wheat cultivars reached 18-22% [23].…”

Productivity and Adaptability of KWS Spring Wheat Varieties in the Conditions of the Ancestral Region of the Republic of Tatarstan

“…Исследования сортообразцов проводятся не только по урожайности, но и по скороспелости, устойчивости к полеганию и болезням [6]. Известно, что урожайность любой культуры зависит от взаимодействия многих факторов: генотипа растения, устойчивости к различным болезням, качества семенного материала, почвенноклиматических условий, приемов возделывания [7,9,11]. Поэтому, необходимо разработать адаптивную систему защиты растений с площадь делянок -30 м2, учетная -по 25 м2.…”