Productivity and Adaptability of KWS Spring Wheat Varieties in the Conditions of the Ancestral Region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Abstract

Increasing the yield and quality of the obtained grain of spring soft wheat on gray forest soils remains relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify the most productive variety of spring wheat of the KWS company in the conditions of gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments and laboratory studies were conducted in 2020-2021 on gray forest soils by Agrobiotechnopark LLC at the Kazan State Agrarian University. Agrochemical indicators of the soil were as follows: humus content of more than 3.0%, mobile phosphorus (more than 250 mg/ kg according to Kirsanov), exchangeable potassium (121-170 mg/kg). The reaction of the soil medium is pH 6.6. The dry mass of roots and stems at the end of the tillering phase in the varieties KWS Torridon, KWS Aquilon, KWS Buran were significantly greater than in the variety Ulyanovsk 105, and the development and spread of root rot in the variety Ulyanovsk 105 is slightly higher than in the varieties KWS. In 2020, an increase in the number of productive stems was observed in the KWS Torridon variety to 584 pieces/m2, in the KWS Aquilon variety to 606 pieces /m2, in the KWS Buran variety to 591, while in the Ulyanovsk 105 variety only 480 pieces/ m2. The number of grains in the ear and the weight of grain from 1 ear in the KWS varieties were formed more than in the Ulyanovsk 105 variety, which subsequently contributed to obtaining significant yields from them. In the normally wet 2020, the KWS Torridon variety provided 1.0 t/ha of increase compared to the Ulyanovsk 105 variety, the KWS Aquilon variety – 1.39 t/ha, the KWS Buran variety – 1.43 t/ha, but the quality of the resulting grain did not meet the standard value of Class 3.