Seasonal Variations in the Vertically Integrated Water Vapor Transport Fields over the Southern Hemisphere

Howarth, David Armine

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<1259:svitvi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 34 publications

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“…The advance of WDs and interaction with the Himalayas is associated with the development of mesoscale cloud formation (Puranik and Karekar, 2009) as seen during this event. Moisture flux transport and divergence integrated over the vertical atmospheric column (Howarth, 1983) for observation and model simulations is shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Analysis Of Large Scale Flow and Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of a rare winter hailstorm event over Delhi, India on 17 January 2013

Chevuturi

Dimri

Gunturu

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Section: Analysis Of Large Scale Flow and Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of a rare winter hailstorm event over Delhi, India on 17 January 2013

Chevuturi

Dimri

Gunturu

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Although the accuracy of ERA-40 prior to 1979 is significantly worse than that after 1979 (Monaghan et al, 2006a;Bromwich et al, 2007), we see that the ERA-40 results for 1958-2001 and 1979-2001 differ from each other less than the ERA-40 results differ from the results of other studies (Table II). The most dramatic differences are found between the early study of Howarth (1983) and ERA-40 results for the same period, especially in the northern latitudes. The results of Giovinetto et al (1992Giovinetto et al ( , 1997, based on surface data, are larger than the ERA-40 results, but the coverage of the surface data was substantially poorer than that of ERA-40.…”

Section: Transport Of Water Vapourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bromwich (1979Bromwich ( , 1988 and Connolley and King (1993) utilized rawinsonde sounding data in calculating the moisture transport, while Slonaker and van Woert (1999) applied satellite data, and Giovinetto et al (1992Giovinetto et al ( , 1997) used surface observations. Atmospheric model results have been applied to analyse the modelled precipitation minus evaporation (Ohmura et al, 1996;Cullather et al, 1998;Simmonds et al, 2005;van de Berg et al, 2006;Monaghan et al, 2006a,b) and to calculate the meridional moisture flux (Howarth, 1983) and its convergence (Bromwich et al, 1995;Genthon and Krinner, 1998;van Lipzig and van den Broeke, 2002). The effects of cyclones on the moisture transport have been addressed in several studies, most of them being case studies (Stone et al, 1989;Stone and Kahl, 1991;Naithani et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric moisture budget over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis

Tietäväinen

Vihma

2008

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:The atmospheric moisture budget over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean was analysed for the period 1979-2001 on the basis of the ERA-40 reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Meridional transport by transient eddies makes the largest contribution to the southward water vapour transport. The mean meridional circulation contributes to the northward transport in the Antarctic coastal areas, but this effect is compensated by the southward transport by stationary eddies. The convergence of meridional water vapour transport is at its largest at 64-68°S, while the convergence of zonal transport is regionally important in areas of high cyclolysis. Inter-annual variations in water vapour transport are related to the southern annular mode (SAM). The eastward transport has a significant (95% confidence level) positive correlation with the SAM index, while the northward transport has a significant negative correlation with SAM near 60°S. Hydrological balance is well-achieved in the ERA-40 reanalysis: the difference between the water vapour flux convergence (based on analysis) and the net precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation, based on 24-h forecasts) is only 13 mm yr −1 (3%) over the Southern Ocean and −8 mm yr −1 (5%) over the continental ice sheet. Over the open ocean, the analysis methodology favours the accuracy of the flux convergence. For the whole study region, the annual mean flux convergence exceeded net precipitation by 11 mm yr −1 (3%). The ERA-40 result for the mean precipitation over the Antarctic continental ice sheet in 1979-2001 is 177 ± 8 mm yr −1 , while previous estimates range from 173 to 215 mm yr −1 . For the period 1979-2001, the ERA-40 data do not show any statistically significant trend in precipitation over the Antarctic grounded ice sheet and ice shelves. From the ERA-40 data, the annual average net evaporation (evaporation minus condensation) is positive over the whole continent.

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“…Os dados utilizados são de água precipitável (AP) derivados das reanálises (Kalnay et al 1996;Kistler et al 2001) …”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…Segundo Howarth (1983) considerando-se que a água precipitável média global é de 25 mm e que a precipitação média global é de 1.000 mm/ano, verifica-se que o tempo de permanência da água na atmosfera é de aproximadamente 9 a 10 dias. Se o calor latente de condensação for tomado como 2,5 x 10 6 J kg -1 , a quantidade de energia liberada na atmosfera será de aproximadamente 1,28 x 10 24 J ano -1 , equivalente a 35% da energia solar absorvida pelo sistema terra-atmosfera no mesmo período.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Tendência do Vapor D'Água na Atmosfera Mediante Dados do NCEP/NCAR

Cavalcanti

Mariano

2016

Rev. bras. meteorol.

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ResumoNeste estudo foi analisando a tendência anual da Água Precipitável (AP) média global no período de 1984 a 2014. Foram utilizados dados extraídos das reanálises do National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) e apresentados na forma de tabela. A distribuição espacial da tendência de Água Precipitável também foi avaliada. Os testes de significância estatísticas de Mann-Kendall e t de Student foram aplicados para as tendências das séries globais. O valor médio de AP para todo o período é de 24 mm correspondendo a um volume estimado para toda a atmosfera do globo de cerca de 12 trilhões de metros cúbicos. Os resultados apontam tendências significativas de 0,026; 0,013 e 0,019 mm/ano para o H.N.; H.S. e todo o Globo, respectivamente. Áreas específicas do globo apontam tendências positivas de 0,09 mm/ano e outras negativas de até -0,09 mm/ano demonstrando assim uma distribuição não homogênea dessa tendência no globo. Palavras-chave: água precipitável, reanálises do NCEP/NCAR, tendência climática. Water Vapor Trend in the Atmosphere by NCEP/NCAR DATA AbstractIn this study the mean global annual precipitable water is analyzed for the period of 1984 to 2014. For this purpose the data extracted from the reanalyses of NCEP/NCAR was used and presented in the form of a table. The spacial distribution of the tendency of precipitable water also was presented. Mann-Kendall and student t significant tests were applied for the tendency of global series. The mean value of precipitable water for the period is of 24 mm corresponding to the volume estimated for the entire global atmosphere of about 12 x 10 12 m 3 . The results indicate significant tendencies of 0.026, 0.013 and 0.019 mm/year for the northern hemisphere, southern hemisphere and the entire globe, respectively. Specific areas of the globe show positive tendencies of 0.09 mm/year and the others show negative tendencies of the order of -0.09 mm/year demonstrating a non-homogeneous global tendency.

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Seasonal Variations in the Vertically Integrated Water Vapor Transport Fields over the Southern Hemisphere

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Numerical simulation of a rare winter hailstorm event over Delhi, India on 17 January 2013

Numerical simulation of a rare winter hailstorm event over Delhi, India on 17 January 2013

Atmospheric moisture budget over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis

Tendência do Vapor D'Água na Atmosfera Mediante Dados do NCEP/NCAR

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